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1、高中生物会考知识点归纳2(新陈代谢)（Highschoolbiologyexaminationknowledgepointsinduction2(metabolism)）Summaryofknowledge:2metabolismThethirdchapter,metabolismSection1metabolismandenzymesTerms:1.Enzymes:aclassoforganiccompoundsproducedbylivingcells(sources)thatcatalyze(fu
2、nction).Thechemicalessenceofmostenzymesistheprotein(thesiteofthesynthetaseismainlyribosomes,theenzymesofthehydrolasesareproteases),andsomeareRNA.2.Enzymaticreactions:reactionscatalyzedbyenzymes.3.Substrate:thereactantinenzymecatalysisiscalledsubstrate.Se
3、ntence：1,theenzymewasasfollows:Italy,1783,scientistJBaranJeanNiusedexperimentprovedthatthestomachhasachemicaldigestivefunction;II,1836,GermanscientistsextractedfromSchwanngastricpepsin;third,1926,AmericanscientistSumnerprovedthatureaseisaproteinbychemica
4、lexperiment;in1980s,AmericanscientistCechandAltmanfoundafewRNAhasbiologicalcatalysis.2.Characteristicsofenzymes:undercertainconditions,complexchemicalreactionsinorganismscanbecarriedoutrapidly,andthepropertiesandqualityofenzymesarenotchangedbeforeandafte
5、rthereaction.3.Characteristicsofenzyme:Efficiency:catalyticefficiencyismuchhigherthaninorganiccatalyst.Specificity:eachenzymecatalyzesthechemicalreactionofoneoraclassofcompounds.TheenzymeneedsthesuitabletemperatureandpHvalueandsoon.Undertheoptimumtempera
6、tureandpH,theenzymehasthehighestactivity.WhenthetemperatureandpHwerehighandlow,theactivityoftheenzymedecreasedobviously.Thereasonisthatoveracid,overalkaliandhightemperaturecancausetheenzymemolecularstructuretobedestroyedandloseitsactivity.4,theenzymeispr
7、oducedviablecells,playsaroleinandoutofthecell,suchasadigestiveenzymethatplaysaroleindigestionoftheextracellularenzyme;chemicalreactioninvivocatalysisanddifferenthormoneregulationofhumanThenewsupersedestheold.;althoughthecatalyticefficiencyisveryhigh,buti
8、tisnotconsumed;enzymemostofitisproteinsynthesisbygeneticmaterialcontrol,sothedeterminantsofenzymenucleicacids.5,toremovethecellwallandnotdamagetheinternalstructureofthecell,thecorrectwayofthinkingis:themaincomponentofthece
