阅读理解12大原则[在职英语强化讲义]

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1、阅读理解12大原则对于同等学历英语阅读理解部分，我们应当掌握的最基本的应试总则就是命题专家的出题原则，考生应利用信号关键词进行定位，然后到选项中找到最佳重叠原文意思的选项。考生在判断选项是否能重叠原文时，常常会感到迷惑，无法判断选项是否与原文内容完全重叠，这是因为在设计考题时常用一些语言点来迷惑考生。一般说来，命题专家最常用的有四种方式：“语言简化”、“同义转化”、“反话正说”和“正话反说”。“语言简化”是命题专家命题时所使用的原则。在设置选项时，四个选项的长度及句法不应有太大差异，而选项所使用的语言难度必须低于文章本身的难度。“

2、同义转化”是出现最频繁的命题方式，几乎每年都有一些用这种方式设置的题目。Passage1WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthe

3、mannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming"Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily".1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothisparagraph?[A]Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.[B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.[C]"Alateralmove"m

4、eanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.[D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.Passage2TheSupremeCourt'sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.Althoughitruledthatthereisno

5、constitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,"acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffe

6、ct.Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients'pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.2.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat.[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients

7、'pain.[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives.[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide.[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide.22Passage3Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregoo

8、d-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchclos