strings branes and superstring theory - s. forste

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1、Strings,BranesandExtraDimensionsStefanF•orstePhysikalischesInstitut,Universit•atBonnNussallee12,D-53115Bonn,GermanyarXiv:hep-th/0110055v33Jan2002AbstractThisreviewisdevotedtostringsandbranes.Firstly,perturbativestringtheoryisintroduced.Theappearanceofvarioustypesofbranesisdiscussed.These

2、includeorbifoldxedplanes,D-branesandorientifoldplanes.TheconnectiontoBPSvacuaofsupergravityispresentedafterwards.Asapplications,weoutlinetheroleofbranesinstringdualities,eldtheorydualities,theAdS/CFTcorrespondenceandscenarioswherethestringscaleisataTeV.Someissuesofwarpedcompactication

3、sarealsoaddressed.Thesecomprisecorrectionstogravitationalinteractionsaswellasthecosmologicalconstantproblem.Contents1Introduction12Perturbativedescriptionofbranes42.1TheFundamentalString..........................42.1.1WorldsheetActions.........................42.1.1.1Theclosedbosonicstri

4、ng................42.1.1.2Worldsheetsupersymmetry...............72.1.1.3Space-timesupersymmetricstring...........102.1.2Quantizationofthefundamentalstring.............132.1.2.1Theclosedbosonicstring................142.1.2.2TypeIIstrings......................192.1.2.3Theheteroticstring...

5、................252.1.3Stringsinnon-trivialbackgrounds................282.1.4Perturbativeexpansionandeectiveactions...........362.1.5ToroidalCompacticationandT-duality.............422.1.5.1Kaluza-Kleincompacticationofascalareld....422.1.5.2Thebosonicstringonacircle..............432.1

6、.5.3T-dualityinnontrivialbackgrounds..........462.1.5.4T-dualityforsuperstrings................482.2Orbifoldxedplanes............................502.2.1Thebosonicstringonanorbicircle................512.2.2TypeIIBonT4=Z.........................5422.2.3ComparisonwithtypeIIBonK3...........

7、......572.3D-branes...................................612.3.1Openstrings............................612.3.1.1Boundaryconditions...................612.3.1.2QuantizationoftheopenstringendingonasingleD-brane...........................652.3.1.3NumberofNDdirectionsandGSOprojec