an introduction to superstring theory

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1、CERN-TH/97-218hep-th/9709062INTRODUCTIONTOSUPERSTRINGTHEORYEliasKiritsis∗TheoryDivision,CERN,CH-1211,Geneva23,SWITZERLANDAbstractIntheselecturenotes,anintroductiontosuperstringtheoryispresented.Classi-calstrings,covariantandlight-conequantization,supersymmetricstrings,anomalycancelatio

2、n,compactification,T-duality,supersymmetrybreaking,andthresholdcorrectionstolow-energycouplingsarediscussed.Abriefintroductiontonon-perturbativedualitysymmetriesisalsoincluded.arXiv:hep-th/9709062v230Mar1998LecturespresentedattheCatholicUniversityofLeuvenandattheUniversityofPadovaduring

3、theacademicyear1996-97.TobepublishedbyLeuvenUniversityPress.CERN-TH/97-218March1997∗e-mail:KIRITSIS@NXTH04.CERN.CHContents1Introduction52Historicalperspective63Classicalstringtheory93.1Thepointparticle................................103.2Relativisticstrings.............................

4、..133.3Oscillatorexpansions..............................194Quantizationofthebosonicstring234.1Covariantcanonicalquantization.......................234.2Light-conequantization.............................264.3Spectrumofthebosonicstring.........................264.4Pathintegralquantizat

5、ion...........................284.5Topologicallynon-trivialworld-sheets.....................304.6BRSTprimer..................................314.7BRSTinstringtheoryandthephysicalspectrum..............335Interactionsandloopamplitudes366Conformalfieldtheory386.1Conformaltransformations...

6、........................386.2Conformallyinvariantfieldtheory.......................416.3Radialquantization...............................436.4Example:thefreeboson............................466.5Thecentralcharge...............................486.6Thefreefermion..........................

7、......496.7Modeexpansions................................506.8TheHilbertspace................................526.9Representationsoftheconformalalgebra...................546.10Affinealgebras.................................576.11FreefermionsandO(N)affinesymmetry...................6016.12N