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1、copyright2006BenjaminCrowellrev.14thOctober2006ThisbookislicensedundertheCreativeCom-monsAttribution-ShareAlikelicense,version1.0,http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/,exceptforthosephotographsanddrawingsofwhichIamnottheauthor,aslistedinthephotocredits.I
2、fyouagreetothelicense,itgrantsyoucertainprivilegesthatyouwouldnototherwisehave,suchastherighttocopythebook,ordownloadthedigitalversionfreeofchargefromwww.lightandmatter.com.Atyouroption,youmayalsocopythisbookundertheGNUFreeDocumentationLicenseversion1.2,http://ww
3、w.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.txt,withnoinvariantsections,nofront-covertexts,andnoback-covertexts.2BriefContents1ConservationofMassandEnergy72ConservationofMomentum373ConservationofAngularMomentum614Relativity695Electricity916Fields1097TheRayModelofLight1278Waves155Fora
4、semester-lengthcourse,allsevenchapterscanbecovered.Forashortercourse,thebookisdesignedsothatchapters1,2,and5aretheonlyonesthatarerequiredforconti-nuity;anyoftheotherscanbeincludedoromittedattheinstructor’sdiscretion,withtheonlyconstraintbeingthatchapter6requiresc
5、hapter4.3ContentsMomentumcomparedtokineticenergy,45.—Force,46.—Motionintwodimensions,49.2.4Newton’sTriumph........522.5Work.............56Problems.............583ConservationofAngularMomentum3.1AngularMomentum.......611ConservationofMassand3.2Torque............65
6、EnergyTorquedistinguishedfromforce,66.3.3Noether’sTheoremforAngular1.1SymmetryandConservationLaws.7Momentum............671.2ConservationofMass......8Problems.............681.3ReviewoftheMetricSystemandConversions............11TheMetricSystem,11.—ScientificNotation
7、,12.—Conversions,13.1.4ConservationofEnergy.....15Energy,15.—Theprincipleofinertia,16.—Gravitationalenergy,19.—Energyingeneral,21.1.5Newton’sLawofGravity.....251.6Noether’sTheoremforEnergy...271.7EquivalenceofMassandEnergy.28Mass-energy,28.—Thecorrespondenceprinc
8、iple,30.Problems.............324Relativity4.1ThePrincipleofRelativity.....704.2DistortionofTimeandSpace...74Time,74.—Space,76.—Nosimultaneity,76.—Applications,