standard model an introduction

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1、IFT–P/010/2000StandardModel:AnIntroductionS.F.NovaesInstitutodeF´sicaTeorica´UniversidadeEstadualPaulistaRuaPamplona145,01405–900,Sao˜PauloBrazilAbstractWepresentaprimerontheStandardModeloftheelec-troweakinteraction.Emphasisisgiventothehistoricalas-arXiv:hep-ph/0001283v127Jan2000pectso

2、fthetheory'sformulation.TheradiativecorrectionstotheStandardModelarepresentedanditspredictionsfortheelectroweakparametersarecomparedwiththepreciseexper-imentaldataobtainedattheZpole.Finally,wemakesomeremarksontheperspectivesforthediscoveryoftheHiggsbo-son,themostimportantchallengeoftheSt

3、andardModel.TobepublishedinParticleandFields,ProceedingsoftheXJ.A.SwiecaSummerSchool(WorldScientic,Singapore,2000)Contents1Introduction41.1AChronologyoftheWeakInteractions...........61.2TheGaugePrinciple.....................181.2.1GaugeInvarianceinQuantumMechanics.....191.2.2GaugeInvar

4、ianceforNon–AbelianGroups....221.3SpontaneousSymmetryBreaking..............251.4TheHiggsMechanism....................311.4.1TheAbelianHiggsMechanism...........311.4.2TheNon–AbelianCase................342TheStandardModel352.1ConstructingtheModel....................352.1.1GeneralPrinciples

5、toConstructGaugeTheories.352.1.2Right–andLeft–HandedFermions........372.1.3Choosingthegaugegroup..............382.1.4TheHiggsMechanismandtheWandZmass..442.2SomeGeneralRemarks....................482.2.1Onthemassmatrixoftheneutralbosons.....482.2.2OntheParameter..................482.2.3On

6、theGaugeFixingTerm..............49222.2.4OntheMeasurementofsinWatLowEnergies.512.2.5OntheLeptonMass.................522.2.6OntheCrossSectionse+e!W+W.......532.3IntroducingtheQuarks....................552.3.1OnAnomalyCancellation..............572.3.2TheQuarkMasses..................582.

7、4TheStandardModelLagrangian..............613BeyondtheTrees643.1RadiativeCorrectionstotheStandardModel.......643.1.1OneLoopCalculations................663.2TheZbosonPhysics.....................693.2.1Introduction......................693.2.2TheStandardModelParameters......