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1、High-energyNeutrinoAstronomy:TheCosmicRayConnectionFrancisHalzenandDanHooperDepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofWisconsin,1150UniversityAvenue,Madison,WI53706AbstractThisisareviewofneutrinoastronomyanchoredtotheobservationalfactthatNatureacceleratesprotonsandphotonstoenergiesinexcesso
2、f1020and1013eV,respectively.Althoughthediscoveryofcosmicraysdatesbackclosetoacentury,wedonotknowhowandwheretheyareaccelerated.Thereisevidencethatthehighestenergycosmicraysareextra-galactic—theycannotbecontainedbyourgalaxy’smagneticfieldanywaybecausetheirgyroradiusfarexceedsitsdimen
3、sion.Elementaryelementary-particlephysicsdictatesauniversalupperlimitontheirenergyof5×1019eV,theso-calledGreisen-Kuzmin-Zatsepincutoff;however,particlesinexcessofthisenergyhavebeenobservedbyallexperiments,addingonemorepuzzletothecosmicraymystery.Mysteryisfertilegroundforprogress:we
4、willreviewthefactsaswellasthespeculationsaboutthesources.Thereisarealistichopethattheoldestprobleminastronomywillberesolvedsoonbyambitiousexperimentation:airshowerarraysof104km2area,arraysofairCerenkovdetectorsand,thesubjectofthisreview,kilometer-scaleneutrinoobservatories.Wewillr
5、eviewwhycosmicacceleratorsarealsoexpectedtobecosmicbeamdumpsproducingassociatedhigh-energyphotonandneutrinobeams.WewillworkindetailthroughanexamplearXiv:astro-ph/0204527v28Jul2002ofacosmicbeamdump,gammaraybursts.TheseareexpectedtoproduceneutrinosfromMeVtoEeVenergybyavarietyofmecha
6、nisms.WewillalsodiscussactivegalaxiesandGUT-scaleremnants,twootherclassesofsourcesspeculatedtobeassociatedwiththehighestenergycosmicrays.Gammarayburstsandactivegalaxiesarealsothesourcesofthehighestenergygammarays,withemissionobservedupto20TeV,possiblyhigher.Theimportantconclusioni
7、sthat,independentlyofthespecificblueprintofthesource,ittakesakilometer-scaleneutrinoobservatorytodetecttheneutrinobeamassociatedwiththehighestenergycosmicraysandgammarays.Wealsobrieflyreviewtheongoingeffortstocommissionsuchinstrumentation.ContentsI.TheHighestEnergyParticles:CosmicRay
8、s,PhotonsandNeutrinos4A.TheNewAst
