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1、Complement:AlternativeSecondaryarticlePathwayArticleContents.IntroductionPeterFZipfel,Bernhard-Nocht-InstituteforTropicalMedicine,Hamburg,Germany.DescriptionofPathway.BiologicalConsequencesofComplementActivationThealternativepathwayofcomplementisapowerfulandevolutionarilyoldd
2、efence.Componentssystemofinnateimmunitythatinactivatesinvadingmicroorganismsandpathogens.For.Controlsurvivalinanimmunocompetenthostmicrobes,viruses,pathogensormodifiedtissuecells.Microbesmustprovidemeanstointerferewithandcontrolalternativepathwayreactionsatseverallevels.Intro
3、ductionthatuseplasmaC3asasubstrate.Thispositivefeedbackamplificationloopgeneratesincreasingamountsofsur-Thealternativepathway,thephylogeneticallyoldestandface-boundC3bintheclosevicinityoftheinitialenzyme.mostimportantactivationpathwayofthecomplementOnforeignparticles,unrestric
4、tedactivationleadstothesystem,providesahighlyefficientdefencemechanismpowerfulinitiationofthecomplementcascade,whileonagainstinvadingmicroorganismsandbacteria.FormationselfcellsandtissuesthesereactionsaretightlycontrolledbyofC3boccursspontaneouslyandcontinuously,whiletheinhibit
5、ionofenzymecomplexformationandinactivationfurtheractivationofthiscentralcomponentistightlyofdepositedmolecules.controlledbyalargenumberofbothsolubleandmembrane-boundregulatoryproteins.Theseregulatorsrestrictactivationtothesurfaceofforeigncellsandmicroorganismsandsimultaneousl
6、yprotectselfcellsfromInitiationthedestructiveeffectsofthisdefencesystem.IfleftActivationofC3ispivotalandcentraltothealternativeuncontrolled,theactivatedalternativepathwaydepositspathway.ItisinitiatedbyaspontaneousandcontinuousC3bmoleculesonthesurfaceofinfectiousagents(micro-tu
7、rnoveroffluid-phaseC3,whichispresentinplasmainaorganisms)topreparethemforphagocytosisorlysis,and21highconcentrationof1.5mgmL(Lambris,1988).Intheactivationproducts(chemotacticanaphylatoxins)induceinflammatoryreactionsbyrecruitingandstimulat-humanplasma,formationofC3(H2O)(alsokno
8、wnasiC3),amoleculewitha‘C3b’-likefunction,occursslowlyingimmuneeffect
