人口老龄化对日本经济的影响外文翻译

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1、人口老龄化对日本经济的影响外文翻译本科毕业论文外文翻译外文原文:EconomicImpactsofPopulationAginginJapanExecutiveSummaryLandisMacKellarwithTatianaErmolievaDavidHorlacherLeslieMayhewIntroductionThepopulationofJapanisnowdeclining,andtheratioofpersonsintheprimeworkingagestopersonswhoareelderlywil

2、linexorablyriseoverthenexthalfcentury.Thirtyyearsago,theviewwaswidelyheldthatrapidpopulationgrowthandtheresultingyoungagestructurewouldpreventdevelopingcountriesfromeverrisingabovepoverty.Asthatviewgavewaytoamorenuancedinterpretationoftheeffectsofpopulationgrow

3、th,paradoxically,theviewtookholdthatthereversedemographicsituation--populationdeclineandanelderlypopulation--impliedcatastropheforrapidlyagingdevelopedcountriessuchasJapan.ThisreportisanattempttoassesstheeconomicimpactsofforeseeabledemographictrendsonJapan.Repo

4、rtsummaryThefirstchapterofthereport,ageneralsynthesisoftheeconomicsofpopulationaging,emphasizesthatagingdoesnothitasocietyasameteoritehitsaninertplanet.Evenwithouttakingintoaccountinstitutionalandsocialchange,thetraditionalstaticneoclassicalmodeloftheeconomysug

5、geststhatthereisawealthofpossibilitiesforadaptingtothechallengeofaging.Justasaneoclassicalviewwouldholdthatrapidpopulationgrowthneednotmiredevelopingcountriesinpoverty,sodoesitsuggestthatpopulationagingneednot,assomehavesuggested,bankrupttheadvancedindustrialec

6、onomiesoftheworld.However,shiftingfactorpricesastheworking-agepopulationdeclinesandtherisingcostofpensionandhealthsystemsastheranksoftheelderlyexpandwillgiverisetointergenerationaldistributionalpressuresneedingtobeworkedoutthroughthepoliticalprocess.Theevidence

7、suggeststhatyoungpeopleintheU.S.,EuropeandJapanandeventuallyinChinaandthemorerapidlyagingdevelopingcountrieswillprobablyhavetopayhighertaxesandsocialcontributionsoutofhigherincomes,oldpeoplearegoingtohavetoworklongeratbetterjobs,andretireesaregoingtohavetogetby

8、onpensionslowerthantheyexpected.Whatarepolicymakers’degreesoffreedom?Basedonageneralsurveyofindustrialcountries,Policymakerscanreducethedistortionaryfeaturesofpublicpensions