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1、BiologicalPhysicsHansFrauenfelderCenterforNonlinearStudies,LosAlamosNationalLaboratory,LosAlamos,NewMexico87545PeterG.WolynesDepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,Urbana,Illinois61801RobertH.AustinDepartmentofPhysics,PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NewJersey08544Physics
2、andbiologyhaveinteractedforatleasttwocenturies.Inthetwentiethcentury,thisinteractionhasbecomeverystrongandtheoverlapbetweenthetwo®eldshasexpandedenormously.Inthepresentcontribution,theauthorssketchwherephysicshasin¯uencedbiologyandwhereinvestigationsonbiologicalsystemshaveledtonewphysicalin
3、sights.[S0034-6861(99)03902-1]CONTENTScalscience;thereportwrittenbymanyoutstandingsci-entistsisstillworthreading.I.IntroductionS419Intheforewordtohisarticle,Loofbourowwrote:``III.TheStructuresofBiologicalSystemsS420wastemptedtousethetitle`Biophysics'forthisreviewasA.FromRoÈntgentosynchrotro
4、nsandNMRS420moresuccinctlydelimitingthe®elddiscussed.ButdespiteB.BiologicalsystemsS420theobviouslyincreasinginterestinbiophysicalproblems,C.Myoglobin,thehydrogenatomofbiologyS420theredoesnotseemtobeclearagreement,evenamongIII.TheComplexityofBiologicalSystemsS421biophysicists,astowhattheterm
5、biophysicsmeans.''A.DistributionsS421Thisconfusionstillexists.HereweuseStanUlam'sre-B.TheenergylandscapeofbiomoleculesS422mark(``Asknotwhatphysicscandoforbiology,askC.TheDebye-WallerfactorS422whatbiologycandoforphysics'')andde®nebiologicalIV.DynamicsS422A.FluctuationsandrelaxationsS422physi
6、csasthe®eldwhereoneextractsinterestingphys-B.ProteinsandglassesS423icsfrombiologicalsystems.MuchlikethetermsphysicalC.ProteinfoldingS423chemistryandchemicalphysics,theterminologicaldif-V.ReactionTheoryS424ferencesrepresentonlypsychologicalstyleandcurrentA.DynamiceffectsinchemicalreactionsS4
7、25attitude;thesamepersonatdifferenttimescouldbeB.TunneleffectsS425thinkingasabiophysicistorasabiologicalphysicist.C.GatedreactionsS425Theconnectionbetweenbiologyandphysicsisatwo-VI.BioenergeticsandPhysicsS426waystreet.However,theheavytraf®chasgoneoneway.
