资源描述：
《蒯因：本体论与意识形态》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、ONTOLOGYANDIDEOLOGY11Ifmoralexperienceisdiscussedintermsoftheuniquenessoftheimpera-five,insteadofthequality,asimilaranalysisholds.Eitherthepsycho-analyticorbehavioristicaccountsofthedevelopmentofthesuperegoorconscienceillustrategeneticexplanationsofmor
2、alexperienceintheimpera-tivemood.Theyprovideempiricalexplanationswhich,iftrue,accountforthefactsanddonotleadtoanyundesirablemetaphysicaboutthenatureofstandardsandourconformancetothem.Ananalysisofthekindherepresentedisthus"non-naturalistic"inthenarrower
3、meaningthattermhascometohaveinethicaldiscussion--insistenceupontheinde-finabilityofthemoralpredicates--yetnaturalisticinthebroadersenseofnotadmittingextranaturalrealmsofbeingorwaysofknowing.Clearly,itisnotnecessarytodenysomefairlyobviousfactsofhumanexp
4、erienceinordertodenyobiectiverealitytovalues.6NOTESThatIdonotuse"good"tomean"intrinsicallygood"andwhyIdonotwillbe-comeclearinthesequel.But"good"isaone-termpredicate,notarelation.ThispointhasbeenmadebyGustavBergmann.Seehis"UndefinedDescriptivePredicates
5、,"PhilosophyandPhenomenotogicalResearch,vol.8(1947),especiallypp.81-82.Also"LogicalPositivism"inAHistoryofPhilosophicalSystems,V.Ferm,ed.(NewYork:PhilosophicalLibrary,1950).~ThePhilosophyofG.E.Moore(Evanston,It1.:NorthwesternUniversib~Press,1942),p.589
6、.4Comparethegestaltpsychologists'insistencethatsuchpropertiesaswellasmean-ingandvalueare"intheworld."Buttheirpsychologicalinsightisfrequentlyvitiatedbyanaccompanyingidealisticmetaphysicaboutmeaning.~W.K.Frankena,"TheNaturalisticFallacy,"Mind,voL48(1939
7、).IhaveprofitedinmythinkingonthesethingsfromfrequentdiscussionwithPro-lessorW.S.Sellars.Seealsohis"Language,RulesandBehavior,"inJohnDewey:PhilosopherofScienceandFreedom,S.Hook,ed.(NewYork:DialPress,1950).Ontology'andIdeologybyW.V.QUINEHARVARDUNIVERSITY
8、ONSEVERALoccasions1Ihaveurged,insubstance,thatI.Theontologytowhichan(interpreted)theoryiscommittedcom-prisesallandonlytheobjectsoverwhichtheboundvariablesofthetheoryhavetobeconstruedasranginginorderthatthestatementsaffirmedinthetheorybe
