Invaginating Presynaptic Terminals in Neuromuscular Junctions, Photoreceptor Terminals, and Other Synapses of Animals.[2017][Neuromolecular Med][10

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1、NeuromolMedDOI10.1007/s12017-017-8445-yREVIEWPAPERInvaginatingPresynapticTerminalsinNeuromuscularJunctions,PhotoreceptorTerminals,andOtherSynapsesofAnimals1122RonaldS.Petralia•Ya-XianWang•MarkP.Mattson•PamelaJ.YaoReceived:6March2017/Accepted:1June2017ÓSp

2、ringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC(outsidetheUSA)2017AbstractTypically,presynapticterminalsformasynapseKeywordsDrosophila
Horizontalcell
Retina
Motordirectlyonthesurfaceofpostsynapticprocessessuchasending
Electroreceptor
Ephapticconduction
Lateraldendritesh

3、aftsandspines.However,somepresynapticinhibition
Subsynapticreticulum
Subjunctionalfoldsterminalsinvaginateentirelyorpartiallyintopostsy-napticprocesses.WesurveytheseinvaginatingpresynapticterminalsinallanimalsanddescribeseveralexamplesIntroductionfromthe

4、centralnervoussystem,includinggiantfibersystemsininvertebrates,andcup-shapedspines,elec-Inthenervoussystemofallanimals,neuronstransmittroreceptorsynapses,andsomespecializedauditoryandimpulsesmostfrequentlyviachemicalneurotransmissionvestibularnervetermina

5、lsinvertebrates.Wethenexamineacrosssynapses(Shepherd2004).Mostofthesesynapsesmechanoreceptorsandphotoreceptors,concentratingontheinvolveconnectionsbetweenapresynapticaxonalterminalcomplexofpre-andpostsynapticprocessesfoundinbasalcontainingsynapticvesicle

6、s,someofwhichconcentrateatinvaginationsofthecell.Wediscussindetailtheroleofanactivezonewherethepresynapticmembraneissepa-vertebrateinvaginatinghorizontalcellprocessesinbothratedbyasynapticcleftfromaspecializedpatchofpost-chemicalandelectricalfeedbackmech

7、anisms.Wealsosynapticmembrane.Thispostsynapticmembraneoccursdiscussthecommonpresenceofindentingorinvaginatingalongthesurfaceofadendrite(orsoma),ortheheadofaterminalsinneuromuscularjunctionsonmusclesofmostsynapticspine(Shepherd2004;Petraliaetal.2016).kind

8、sofanimals,andespeciallydiscussthoseofDroso-Interestingly,manysynapsesincludeinvaginatingstruc-philaandvertebrates.Finally,weconsiderbroadquestionsturesthatextendintocorrespondinginvaginationsintheabouttheadvantagesofposse