生物工程专业英语

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1、SpecializedEnglishinBiotechnologyThismaterialisdedicatedtostudentsmajoringinBiotechnologyatHefeiUniversity.Allrightsreserved43ContentsLesson1WhatisBiotechnology?2Lesson2WhereDidBiotechnologyBegin?3Lesson3BriefHistoryofBiotechnology5Lesson4Dogma,DNA,andEnzymes7Lesson5PolymeraseChainRea

2、ction-XeroxingDNA9Lesson6MonoclonalAntibodyTechnology11Lesson7TheHumanGenomeProject13Lesson8WhoseGenomeisIt,Anyway?16Lesson9Agriculture-AnOverview18Lesson10GeneGunSpeedsSearchforNewOrchidColors21Lesson11TransformingPlants23Lesson12AnimalsandAnimalHealth26Lesson13Biomining28Lesson14Bio

3、fuel29Lesson15NewFoodsandFoodProducers31Lesson16BlazingaGeneticTrailinMedicine34Readingmaterials3643Lesson1WhatisBiotechnology?Biotechnologyinoneformoranotherhasflourishedsinceprehistorictimes.Whenthefirsthumanbeingsrealizedthattheycouldplanttheirowncropsandbreedtheirownanimals,theyle

4、arnedtousebiotechnology.Thediscoverythatfruitjuicesfermentedintowine,orthatmilkcouldbeconvertedintocheeseoryogurt,orthatbeercouldbemadebyfermentingsolutionsofmaltandhopsbeganthestudyofbiotechnology.Whenthefirstbakersfoundthattheycouldmakeasoft,spongybreadratherthanafirm,thincracker,th

5、eywereactingasfledglingbiotechnologists.Thefirstanimalbreeders,realizingthatdifferentphysicaltraitscouldbeeithermagnifiedorlostbymatingappropriatepairsofanimals,engagedinthemanipulationsofbiotechnology.Whatthenisbiotechnology?Thetermbringstomindmanydifferentthings.Somethinkofdevelopin

6、gnewtypesofanimals.Othersdreamofalmostunlimitedsourcesofhumantherapeuticdrugs.Stillothersenvisionthepossibilityofgrowingcropsthataremorenutritiousandnaturallypest-resistanttofeedarapidlygrowingworldpopulation.Thisquestionelicitsalmostasmanyfirst-thoughtresponsesastherearepeopletowhomt

7、hequestioncanbeposed.Initspurestform,theterm"biotechnology"referstotheuseoflivingorganismsortheirproductstomodifyhumanhealthandthehumanenvironment.Prehistoricbiotechnologistsdidthisastheyusedyeastcellstoraisebreaddoughandtofermentalcoholicbeverages,andbacterialcellstomakecheesesandyog

8、urtsa