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1、Unit9MusicUsefulInformationMusicisauniversallanguage.Itinfluencespeoplefromallcultures,educationallevels,andsocioeconomicbackground.Itrelatestoourwork,ourplay,andourrelationshipswithoneanother.Itcanmakeusdance,itcanevenhelpusfallinlove. Theoldestmusicisprobablyvocalmusic.Almosteve
2、ryculturehasworksongs,lullabies,lovesongs,andballadsinitsfolkmusic.Singinganddancinghavealwaysgonetogetherforpeopleofallages. Eventuallyinstrumentalmusicemerged.Someinstruments,suchasthedrum,areveryold.Otherinstruments,suchastheelectronickeyboard,areverynew.Eventhepianoisquitenewc
3、omparedtothefluteorthelute. Musiccanbeperformedindividuallyoringroups.Individualvocalistsarecalledsoloists.Groupsarecalledduets,trios,quartets,choruses,choirs,etc.Instrumentalgroupsarecalledensembles,bands,ororchestras.Vocalistscanperformwithinstrumentalaccompaniment,ortheymayperf
4、orm acapella（无器乐伴奏地）. Themaincomponentsofmusicaremelody,harmony,andrhythm.Themelodyissometimescalledthetune.Itconsistsofthenotesthattheleadmusicianswouldperforminagroup.Harmonyisprovidedbythesupportingmusicians,orbytheextranotesonakeyboard.Rhythmisprovidedbypercussioninstruments（打
5、击乐器）,bycountingthenotesineachmeasure,orbysuchsimplemethodsasclappingortappingone’sfeet. Untiltheinventionofrecordings,musicwasusuallyperformedlivetosmallaudiences.ButnowwehavetapesandCDsofallsorts,andrecordedmusicisoneofthemostpopularradioformats.Withmoderntechnology,liveconcertsc
6、annowbeperformedwithhugeaudiencesinauditoriumsorstadiums.Allofthesetechnicalinnovationshavetendedtoincreasetheroleofmusicinmodernlife,andtodiversifythenatureofmusicitself. Todaywestillhaveopera,classicalmusicandfolkmusic,whicharejustasinfluentialasever.Everystudentofmusicmustbefam
7、iliarwithBach1,Beethoven2andMozart3,whileeveryanthropologistshouldpaysomeattentiontothefolksongsofvariouscultures.Butnowwealsohavepopmusic,rockmusic,countrymusic,soulmusic,jazz,blues,andmanyotherkinds.Patrioticmusic,religiousmusic,andmilitarymusicarejustasimportantasever.Inadditio
8、nwenowhavethemoviesasamediumforth
