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1、Unit10HistoryofArtArthasalwaysreflectedthepeoplewhocreateit.Artistshavecreatedartworksofthemselvesandothersformanyreasons,includingexplainingtheirideas,revealingtheiremotions,theportryalofgodsandglorifyingtheirheroes.Someartists,suchasJoyHester,haveapproachedtheirartinapersonal,subjectiveway,revea
2、lingtheirinnermostfearsandfeelings.Othershaveexploredthepersonalityandcharacterofindividuals,asintheworkofDobell.PicassoandMatissehaveusedpeopleassubjectmatterinordertoexperiment—toexploretheirideasandtheoriesonart.WecantracethesubtlechangesintheChristianreligionbycomparinghowpeoplearepaintedinthe
3、religiousworksofGiottoandTintoretto.JillOrr,acontemporaryartist,usesherownbodytoperformtheartwork.Evenwiththeinfluenceoftechnologyonart,thefigureisstillanimageusedbyartists,whetheritisonavideoscreenormanipulatedbythecomputer.Theartistcontinuestoshowcuriosityaboutselfandotherpeoplethroughart.Polykl
4、eitosbelongedtotheClassicalstyleofGreekart,oftencalledthe“GoldenAge”ofGreekart.AtthisstagetheGreeksculptorsachievedmasteryoveralltechnicalaspectsofsculpture.Theycreatedrelaxedfiguresofidealphysicalbeautyandcorrectanatomy.Thesculpturesthusappearperfectedoridealized.Polykleitosdevelopedasystemorrule
5、forrepresentingthehumanbody.Hisrulewasthattheheadshouldbeone-seventhofthefigure’sheight.Thefootshouldbethreetimesthelengthofthepalmofthehand.Thelengthofthelegfromthefoottothekneeandthedistancebetweenthekneeandthecentreoftheabdomenshouldbesixtimesthatofthepalmofthehand.Thefiguresoftenhadtheirweight
6、moreononefoot,thusraisingonehipanddroppingashoulder(anS-bend).Whenthisweightshiftcausesaslightturntothebodyitisgenerallytermedcontrapposto.ThistechniquewaslateradoptedbytheRenaissanceartists.TotheGreeks,physicalperfectionwasalinkwiththegods.Athleticswasafavouritepastime,withcompetitivegamestakingp
7、laceaspartofreligiousfestivals.Ofthese,themostimportantwastheOlympicGames,heldatOlympiaeveryfouryearsinhonourofZeus(Godoftheheavensandfatherofallthegodsandgoddesses).Sportwasalsoconsideredimportanttrainingforwarf
