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1、Chapter3InternationalCargoTransportation国际货物运输Ininternationaltrade,thesellerdeliversthegoodsinexchangeforthebuyer’spayment.Itistheseller’sbasicdutytodeliverthegoodstothebuyerorthespecifiedcarrierinduetime,placeandtransportmeansaccordingtothecontractaftersigningit.在国际贸
2、易中，卖方交付货物与买方支付货款是对流条件。买卖合同签订后，按照合同规定的时间、地点和方式将货物运交买方或装上指定的承运工具，是卖方所承担的基本义务。Incommonlaw,accordingtothecasesoverthepastyears,commonlawcountriesregardqualityclauses,quantityclausesandtimeofdeliveryasthefundamentalsofthecontract.Theconsequencescouldbeveryseriousoncetherul
3、esarebroken.Inthischapter,timeofdeliveryisthepriorityofshipmentclauses.Timeofshipmentandtimeofdeliveryaretotallydifferentconcepts,butunderFOB,CFRandCIFterms,thesellerdeliversthedocumentsinsteadofthegoods,whichmeans,oncethegoodsaresenttotheshiporshippingconveyanceinthe
4、shippingport,theseller’sdutytodelivergoodsisaccomplished.Thedateindicatedbythecarrierontheshippingdocumentsisthetimeofdeliveryandtheplaceofshipmentisrightlytheplaceofdelivery.Thatistosay,underCIF,FOBandCIFtradetermswhichindicatesymbolicdelivery,shipmentjustmeansdelive
5、ryandtimeofshipmentisrightlytimeofdelivery.在英美法中，根据历年的判例，英美法的国家把品质条款、数量条款、交货期作为合同的要件条款。如果违反了要件条款，后果十分严重。在本章中的装运条款要首先讲到装运期。装运期和交货期是两个不同的概念，但是在FOB、CFR、CIF条件下，卖方以交单代替了交货，也就是说只要把货交到装运港的船上或运输工具上，卖方的交货义务就算完成，承运人在运输单据上所注明的日期即作为交货日期，货物的装运地点即作为交货地点。也就是说，在CIF、FOB、CFR象征性交货的贸易术语下
6、，“装运”就意味着交货，成为同一个概念，交货期等于装运期。3.1MeansofTransportation运输方式Ininternationaltrade,therearevariouskindsofmodesoftransportation:oceantransportation,railtransportation,airtransportation,rivertransportation,postaltransportation,roadtransportation,channeltransportation,contain
7、ertransportation,internationalmultimodaltransportationandcontinental-bridgetransportation,etc.,ofwhichoceantransportationisthemostimportant,traditionalandtimehonoredmeansoftransport.Currently,asthemostpreferredmodeoftransport,oceantransportationaccountsfor80%ofthetota
8、lcapacity.We’llintroduceafewsignificantmeansoftransportationininternationaltradehereinafter.在国际贸易中，运输方式有许多种，如：海洋运输、铁路、航空、河流、
