学术英语(社科)_unit 1ppt带答案

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1、学术英语社科AcademicEnglishforSocialSciencesTextAKeytermsCriticalreadingandthinkingDifficultsentencesEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeSpecializedvocabularyCollocationsFormalandinformalEnglishSignpostlanguageUnit1Decision-MakingBehaviorsinEconomicActivitiesTextAKeytermsrationalpeople:理性人Those

2、peoplewhosystematicallyandpurposefullydothebesttheycantoachievetheirobjectives,giventheavailableopportunities.Unit1Decision-MakingBehaviorsinEconomicActivitiesmarginalchange:边际变化smallincrementaladjustmentstoaplanofactionmarginalbenefit:边际效益theadditionalbenefitfromanincreaseinanactivity

3、TextAKeytermsUnit1Decision-MakingBehaviorsinEconomicActivitiesmarginalcost:边际成本theadditionalcostfromanincreaseinanactivitymarginaldecision-making:边际决策theadditionalcostfromanincreaseinanactivityincentive:激励somethingthatinducesapersontoactHowPeopleMakeDecisionsEconomists’explanationabout

4、decisionmaking:Therearerulesbehindpeople’sdecision-makingbehaviors.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingUnit1Decision-MakingBehaviorsinEconomicActivitiesRationalpeoplethinkatthemargin.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingUnit1Decision-MakingBehaviorsinEconomicActivitiesExample1:standbyticketsWhat

5、arationalairlinecando?Situation:Flyinga200-seatplaneacrosstheU.S.coststheairline$100,000.Costofeachseat:$500(That’stosay,neversellaticketforlessthan$500.)Suppose:Aplaneisabouttotakeoffwith10emptyseats.Astandbypassengerwillpay$300foraseat.Question:shouldtheairlineselltheticket?Answer:Yes

6、.Reason:Iftheplanehasemptyseat,thecostofaddingonemorepassengeristiny.Herethemarginalcostismerelythecostofsomethingtoeat,likepeanuts,coco,etc.Conclusion:Aslongasthestandbypassengerpaysmorethanthemarginalcost,sellingtheticketisprofitable.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingUnit1Decision-Making

7、BehaviorsinEconomicActivitiesExample2:watervs.diamondWhyiswatersocheap,whilediamondsaresoexpensive?waterdiamondNecessaryforsurvivalThemarginalbenefitofanextracupissmallbecausewaterisplentiful.UnnecessaryforsurvivalThemarginalbenefitofanextradiamondislargebecausediamondsarerare