考研英语语法讲义

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1、2017考研英语基础班讲义二〇一五年主编：Ada司内部讲义翻版必究并列句一.定义：Youmaygowithus,oryoumaystayathome.Itwasgettinglate;wehadtogoback.二．并列句连词1.表示转折关系的并列连词有：but,yet,nevertheless,while2.表示因果关系的并列连词有：for3.表示并列附加关系：and，notonly…butalso4.表示选择关系的：either…orneither….noror三．并列句中的省略现象Itsscientistsweretheworld'

2、sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Headdshumblythatperhapshewassuperiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattention,andinobservingthemcarefully.(08)定语从句一．什么是定语二．定语的种类定语前置alovelygir

3、ltwentystudents定语后置HegivemeabasketfullofeggsAfilmaboutthelifeofworkers.Theabilitytomodifytheenvironment.三．定语从句含义用句子做定语，放在被修饰对象的后面。TheseareusefulbooksThesearethebookswhichIneededinmyresearch.区分：从句作定语和单词作定语的区别总结：定语从句的结构先行词+关系词+从句=定语从句四．定语从句的模式（一）先行词1.一个名词Evenwhenhomelessind

4、ividualsmanagetofindashelterthatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight…2．一个短语或者从句作名词概念Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.(2004年翻译)Whatthewereseeingwerethep

5、atternsandstructuresthatexisted15billionago.3.一个完整的句子Hearrivedanhourlater,whichannoyedhisgirlfriendverymuch.（二）关系代词which/who/whom/that/whose1.关系代词指代人That/who都可以充当从句的主语，宾语或者标语，但是，若先行词后出现逗号，这时的定语从句只能用who引导。Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequal.whom只能充当从句

6、的宾语。Doyouknowthemanwhomthedirectornominatedastheleaderoftheresearchinthemeeting.1.关系代词指代物That与which在指代物的时候可以互换Thereisamarkeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhicheveryonegetsfromlivingwithothers,andthedeliberateeducatingofthedeliberateeducatingoftheyoung.(2009年翻译)2.关系代词whoseW

7、hose用做关系词表示属格，也可以看作是关系形容词，因为它后面必须接一个名词，不能单独使用。Whose既可以指代人的所有格，也可以指代物的所有格。AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.（200年阅读passage4）注：whose=of+which/whom(三）定语从句中的省略关系词充当从句中宾语的省略Iknowtheboy____thete

8、acherpraisedjustnow.关系词充当主语的省略（分词做定语）Thefirstthingwhichisneededforinnovationisfascinatedwithwon（