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1、TheInternethasdevaluedcontenttothepointwhereitisoftenofferedatnocharge--newspapers,forinstance--orwidelymisappropriated,aswithmusicandmovies.Eitherway,manypeopleexpectmuchoftheircontenttobefree.Whyisthis,howdidithappen,and,focusingonmusicandmovies,wh
2、atcanbedoneaboutit? I'vepreviouslywrittenaboutthewhy,inHuffingtonPostandtheVanderbiltJournalofEntertainmentandTechnologyLawarticles,andidentifiedsixfactors.Let'sfocusontwo:thecultureofpiracy,andtheriseofad-supportedbusinessmodels.Underlyingbothisthe
3、beliefthatcontentontheInternetshouldbefree(anotionreinforcedbytheotherfourfactors). Howdidthisattitudearise?TheanswerliesintheoriginoftheInternet.Atfirstglance,thisisparadoxical:theInternetbeganinthelate1960'sastheARPANET,aprojectoftheDepartmentofDe
4、fenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,orARPA.TheDoD,ofcourse,seldomfostersself-gratification,atraitthatunderliesthe"freecontent"cultureoftheInternet. However,takeasecondlook.TheARPANETwasdevelopednotin-housebyARPA,butprimarilybydefensecontractorsorbit
5、ingHarvard,MITandStanfordandbyuniversities.TheirfacultyandstaffusedtheARPANETforsocialpurposesaswellasresearch,forinstancebysettingupnewsgroupsencompassingavarietyofrecreationalinterests.Noonechargedforparticipationinthosegroups,oranythingelseontheAR
6、PANET,andtherewaslittleregulationofcontent--oroffiletransfersviathenetwork.Thosefileswereprimarilydocuments,dataandsoftware,sincedigitizedmusicandvideowereeffectivelynon-existent.Still,theprecedentwasset:filesharingwasvirtuallyunfettered. Thepredomi
7、nanceofresearchersontheARPANETfosteredanacademicethosthatincludestheconceptthatinformation,i.e.,content,shouldbefree,sinceonlybyopenlysharingresearchcanscienceandotherdisciplinesadvance.AstheARPANETgrew,theDoDinstallationsonthenetworkweresplitoffin19
8、83intoaseparateMILNET,leavingtheARPANETasprimarilyanacademicfacility.Thetransformationtoafree-orientedenvironmentwascomplete.Significantly,though,thenetworkwasprimarilyusedbystudentsandfacultyinthecomputersciencefield.ItsevolutiontowardstheInternetoc
