词汇学wordformation

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1、.LectureFourWordFormationStonehengeContents4GeneralRemark1235Compounding复合法Derivation(Affixation)派生法Conversion转化法Shortening(Abbreviation)缩略法6Onomatopoeia拟声法7Backformation逆生法I.GeneralRemarks40%30%25%词素mor-pheme自由词素freemorpheme自由词根freeroot粘附词素boundmorpheme粘附词根bound

2、root词缀affix屈折词缀(只有后缀，不生成新词)inflectionalaffix派生词缀(前缀、后缀，生成新词)derivativeaffix词word(此外，还有缩略词)单纯词simpleword单一自由词素freemorpheme构成如take,come,back,red,man等复合词compoundword自由复合词freecompound（两个或两个以上自由词根构成）comeback粘附复合词boundcompound（两个或两个以上粘附词根构成）anthropocentric(人类中心说的)由两个粘附

3、词根构成“anthropo-(人，人类)”和“-centric(以…为中心的)”派生词derivativeword自由派生词freederivativeword（自由词根+词缀构成）mistake，unmistakable粘附派生词boundderivativeword（粘附词根+词缀构成）exceed，proceedContents4GeneralRemark1235Compounding复合法Derivation(Affixation)派生法Conversion转化法Shortening(Abbreviation)缩

4、略法6Onomatopoeia拟声法7Backformation逆生法II.Derivation(Affixation)Derivation(派生法),alsoknownasaffixation(词缀法):aprocessofformingnewwordsbytheadditionofawordelement,suchasaprefix,suffixorcombiningform,toanalreadyexistingword.Afreederivativewordismadeupofafreerootandabound

5、affix(自由派生词:自由词根+词缀构成)E.g.worker,unmistakable.Aboundderivativewordismadeupofaboundrootandaboundaffix(粘附派生词:粘附词根+词缀构成)E.g.exceed，proceed.(1)Wordroots1)Derivation(派生法)ag,act做，驱动agent剂;aglaciation冰川加强作用agitate搅拌;aggravate恶化;actuate开动activate激活;activator催化剂;accelerat

6、or促凝剂agr农agriculture;agrarian田地的；agrogeochemistryagrology土壤学;agrotechnique农业技术agroclimate农业气候;agroeconomics农业经济学agrohydrology农业水文学;agronomy农学agro-ecosystem农业生态系统;agrobiology农业生物学astro星astronomy天文学;astronaut宇航员astrobiology天体生物学;astrodynamics飞行动力学astrochemistry天体化学

7、;astrograph天体摄影仪audi听audiolocator声波定位器;audible听得见的；audienceaudiphone助听器;autiometer声波计；auditoriumbio生命，生物antibiotic抗生素;biogeochemistry生物地球化学biophage噬细胞体;biofacies生物相bioengineering生物工程;bioherm生物岩礁carn肉carnaldesire肉欲;carnalism肉欲主义cannibal食人族；carnival狂欢节scribe,script

8、写describe，description描写；descriptive描述性的prescribe,prescription规定;开处方inscribe题记;铭记;inscription题词;铭文transcribe誊写;转录；transcription录音文字材料postscript附笔，又及;scripture经文