资源描述：
《environmental accounting 环境会计 —外文翻译_学位论文.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、EnvironmentalAccountingWhereWeAreNow,WhereWeAreHeadingbyJoyE.HechtInterestisgrowinginmodifyingnationalincomeaccountingsystemstopromoteunderstandingofthelinksbetweeneconomyandenvironment.Thefieldofenvironmentalaccountinghasmadegreatstridesinthepasttwodecades,movingfro
2、maratherarcaneendeavortoonetestedindozensofcountriesandwellestablishedinafew.Buttheideathatnationsmightintegratetheeconomicroleoftheenvironmentintotheirincomeaccountsisneitheraquicksellnoraquickprocess;ithasbeenunderdiscussionsincethe1960s.Despitethedifficultiesandco
3、ntroversiesdescribedinthisarticle,however,interestisgrowinginmodifyingnationalincomeaccountingsystemstopromoteunderstandingofthelinksbetweeneconomyandenvironment.WhyChange?Governmentsaroundtheworlddevelopeconomicdatasystemsknownasnationalincomeaccountstocalculatemacr
4、oeconomicindicatorssuchasgrossdomesticproduct.Buildinganation’seconomicuseoftheenvironmentintosuchaccountsisaresponsetoseveralperceivedflawsintheSystemofNationalAccounts(SNA),asdefinedbytheUnitedNationsandusedinternationally.OneflawintheSNAoftencitedisthatthecostofen
5、vironmentalprotectioncannotbeidentified.Consequently,moneyspent,say,toputpollutioncontroldevicesonsmokestacksincreasesGDP,eventhoughtheexpenditureisnoteconomicallyproductive,someargue.Thesecriticscallfordifferentiating“defensive”expendituresfromotherswithintheaccount
6、s.Alsomisleadingisthefactthatsomeenvironmentalgoodsarenotmarketedthoughtheyprovideeconomicvalue.Fuelwoodgatheredinforests,meatandfishgatheredforconsumption,andmedicinalplantsareexamples.Soaredrinkingandirrigationwater,whosesalepricesreflectthecostofdistributionandtre
7、atmentinfrastructure,butnotthewateritself.Whilesomecountriesdoincludesuchgoodsintheirnationalincomeaccounts,nostandardpracticesexistfordoingso.Whennonmarketedgoodsareincludedintheaccounts,theystillcannotbedistinguishedfromthosethataremarketed.Valuingenvironmentalserv
8、icessuchasthewatershedprotectionthatforestsaffordandthecropfertilizationthatinsectsprovideisdifficult.Thoughsomeexpertscallfortheir
