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1、时态一致(108)及叙述法(109-113)时态一致(108)1)主要子句的动词是现在式(包括一般现在,现在完成式,一般将来式),从属子句的动词随句意可以是任何事态1.Mysisterknows(that)Ilovethegirl.2.Mysisterknows(that)Ilovedthegirl.3.Mysisterknows(that)Iwillfallinlovewiththegirl.姐姐现在可以回忆过去,叙述现在,展望未来2)主要子句的动词是过去式(包含过去完成式,过去进行式或过去时间
2、上所提的未来),从属子句的动词必须是与过去时态有关且符合句意1.Mysisterknew(that)Ilovedthegirl.2.Mysisterknew(that)Ihadlovedthegirl.过去的过去>过去完成3.Mysisterknew(that)Iwoundfallinlovewiththegirl.那时候的姐姐知道我那是爱那个女孩,知道我那时候的以前爱过那个女孩,知道那时候以后我会爱那个女孩1)主要子句的动词是过去完成式,从属子句的动词必须是与过去完成时态有关且符合句意2)时态一
3、致的例外a.不变的真理>现在式1.Thechildlearned(that)theearthgoesroundthesun.2.Theteachertoldus(that)practicemakesperfect.b.到现在都没改变的习惯或事实>现在式1.Sheoftentoldme(that)shekeepsearlyhours.她经常告诉我她有早睡早起的习惯2.Shetoldme(that)schoolbeginsateight.她告诉我学校8点上课c.历史的事实>过去式1.Theteache
4、rsaid(that)ColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.2.Hesaid(that)WorldWarⅡendedin1945.d.假设语气>不受时态一致的限制1.Hesays(that)ifhewereabirdhecouldfly.Hesaid(that)ifhewereabirdhecouldfly.2.HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanativespeaker.HespokeEnglishasifhewereanativespeaker.叙述
5、法(109-113)1)直接叙述法及间接叙述法的不同a.时态的变化1.Maysaid,“Ilikelisteningtopopmusic.”>Maysaid(that)shelikedlisteningtopopmusic.2.Thestudentanswered,“Anhourconsistsofsixtyminutes.”>Thestudentanswered(that)anhourconsistsofsixtyminutes.不变的事实3.Helenanswered,“Therainhass
6、topped.”>Helenanswered(that)therainhadstopped.b.人称代名词的变化1.Shealwayssays,“Idon’tlikemyhairstyle.”Shealwayssays(that)shedoesn’tlikeherhairstyle.2.Isaidtoher,“I’msorryyoudon’tunderstandme.”Itoldher(that)Iwassorryshedidn’tunderstandme.3.Shesaid,＂Ireadthis
7、book.”Shesaid(that)shehadreadthatbook.c.时间,地点等的变化now>thentoday>thatdayyesterday>thedaybefore,thepreviousdaylastnight>thenightbefore,thepreviousnightlastyear>theyearbefore,thepreviousyeartomorrow>thenextday,thefollowingdaynextweek>thenextweek,thefollow
8、ingweek~ago>~beforehere>there注意直接叙述句>间接叙述句1.主词+say(said)to人>主词+tell(told)人(that)直述句2.补充连接词(that)(可省)3.代名词须改变,如my>her4.改为间接叙述句,注意时态5.副词,如now>thenMr.Wangsaidtome,“Youwillbeabletogetafreeconcertticketatthecharitybazaartomorrow.”>Mr.Wangtoldme(tha
