19.第十九章 时态一致与叙述法

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1、19.第十九章时态的一致與敘述法一.时态的一致1.MysisterknowsthatIlovethegirl.我的姐姐知道我爱这个女孩。2.MysisterknowsthatIlovedthegirl.我的姐姐知道我爱过这个女孩。3.MysisterknowsthatIwillfallinlovethegirl.我的姐姐知道我会爱上这个女孩。以上都是主要字句的现在式。4.MysisterknewthatIlovedthegirl.那个时候我的姐姐知道我爱这个女孩。5.MysisterknewthatIhadlovedthegirl.那个时候我的姐姐知道

2、我爱过这个女孩。6.MysisterknewthatIwouldfallinlovewiththegirl.那个时候我的姐姐知道我会爱上这个女孩。(过去的将来时)以上都是主要字句的一般过去式。ShesaysthatSheisfreenow.Shewasfreeyesterday.ShehassaidShehasbeenfreelately.ShewillsayShewillbefreetomorrow.Shehadbeenbusytomorrow.时间线过去完成时过去式现在式未来式Hesaidthat本动词在过去完成式过去式的范围和现在未来没有关系He

3、didit./Hewasdoingit.Hehaddoneit.Hehadbeendoingit.Hewoulddoit.Hewouldhavedoneit.Hewouldhavebeendoingit.HehadsaidthatHehadn’tdoneit.Hehadbeenherefortoohours.(1)时态一致的例外A.不变的真理用现在式1.Thechildlearnedthattheearthgoesroundtherun.孩子得知地球是绕着太阳转的。2.Theteachertoldusthatpracticemakesperfect.老

4、师告诉我们孰能生巧B.到现在都没变得习惯或事实用现在式。1.Sheoftentoldmethatshekeepsearlyhour.2.Shetoldmethatschoolbeginsateight.C.历史的事实用过去式1.TheteachersaidthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.2.HesaidthatWorldWarIIendedin1945.D.假设语气—不受时态一致的限制。(事实与假设时态差一级，往前推)1.Ifhewereabird,hecouldfly.(前面用过去式，后面也要用过去式。)Hes

5、ays/saidifhewereabird,hecouldfly.（前面过去，后面就用助动词的过去）2.HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanativespeaker.Hespoke二．叙述法主词+say[said]tosb.,“直述句”(直接叙述句)主词+tell[told]人(that)“直述句”(间接叙述句)1.Billsays,“Ihatemath.”直接叙述法2.Billsays(that)hehatesmath.间接叙述法(1)直接叙述法及间接叙述法的不同A.时态的变化1.Maysaid,“Ilikelisteningtop

6、opmusic.”=Maysaidthatshelikedlisteningtopopmusic.(转述过去所说的话，所以要用过去式)2.Thestudentanswered,“Anhourconsistsofsixtyminutes.”=Thestudentansweredthatanhourconsistsofsixtyminutes.(不变的真理现在式)3.Helenanswered,“Therainhasstopped.”=Helenansweredthattherainhadstopped.雨是先停的，后回答雨已经停了。B.人称代名词的变化1

7、.Shealwayssays,“Idon’tlikemyhairstyle.”=Shealwayssaysthatshedoesn’tlikeherhairstyle.2.Isaidtoher,“I’msorryyoudon’tunderstandme.”=ItoldherthatIwassorryshedidn’tunderstandme.3.Shesaid,“Ireadthisbook.”我看过这本书了。这里的Read[red]是过去式=Shesaidthatshehadreadthatbook.她说他已经看过那本书了。过去完成式C．时间，地点等的

8、变化（直接叙述法--/--间接叙述法）NowthenTodaythatdayyesterday