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1、Figuresofspeech(修辞)arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.Nowwearegoingtotalkaboutsomecommonfo
2、rmsoffiguresofspeech.修辞是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼,给人以美的享受。 1)Simile:(明喻)Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingat leastonequalityorcharacteristic(特性)incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedto
3、transferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.Simile与汉语的明喻基本相同,用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境。其本体和喻体均同时出现在句中,在形式上是相对应的。英语 simile 的标志词常用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等.汉语明喻的比喻词通常是"好象"、"仿佛"等。例如: AsbusyasabeeAshappyasaclam(athightide)Likeacatonhotbric
4、ks热锅上的蚂蚁Tospendmoneylikewater挥金如土 Theyarelikestreetcarsrunningcontentedlyontheirrails. 这些人犹如街上的有轨电车, 满足于在自己的轨道上运行。 1)Metaphor:(暗喻)Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstate
5、d.隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.(noindicatorofresemblance)Forexample,theworldisastage.Speechissilver,silenceisgold.Unionisstrength. Experienceisthemotherofwisdom. 经验为智慧之母。2)Analogy:(类比,借喻)Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusual
6、lyusescomparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.根本不说出本体(tenor),或不在本句子中说出来,而把喻体(vehicle)直接用在本体应该出现的地方。Makehaywhilethesunshines.趁热打铁Anemptysackcannotstandupright.空口袋立不
7、直Prov.Apoororhungrypersoncannotfunctionproperly.Sitdownandhavesomethingtoeatbeforeyougobacktowork.Anemptysackcan'tstandupright.无钱寸步难行;肚子饿了会难受 4)Personification:(拟人)Itgiveshumanformoffeelings toanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes(赋予)toinanimate(无生命的)obj
8、ects,ortoideasandabstractions(抽象).personification与汉语拟人完全相同,就是赋予物以人的言语属性。这种拟人化的修辞手法读起来使人感到特别形象生动、富有情趣。例如: Wordspaynodebts. 空话还不了债。 Thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.Timeandtidewaitfornoman. Justicehasalongarm.OwildWestWind,thoubreathofAut