中国电动汽车可持续发展背景报告（2011年3月）

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1、中国电动汽车可持续发展背景报告（2011年3月）CSD19/2011/BP9UNITEDNATIONSDEPARTMENTOFECONOMICANDSOCIALAFFAIRSCommissiononSustainableDevelopmentNineteenthSessionNewYork,2-13May2011ELECTRICVEHICLESINTHECONTEXTOFSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTINCHINAPreparedbyRobertEarleyLipingKangFengAnandLuciaG

2、reen-WeiskelTheInnovationCenterforEnergyandTransportation(iCET)BeijingLosAngelesNewYorkBackgroundPaperNo.9CSD19/2011/BP9CSD19/2011/BP9CONTENTSI.Introduction1II.China’selectricautomotivetechnologydevelopment2A.Batterytechnologydevelopment29><>B.Electricvehicledeve

3、lopment5III.China’spolicysupportforelectrificationoftransport8A.TheMinistryofScienceandTechnologyandthe“863Programme”8<>B.Bilateralcooperationinelectricvehicledevelopment10IV.Life-cyclerawmaterialassessment,energyuseandGHGemissionsforelectricvehicles11A.ImpactofE

4、Vdevelopmentonrawmaterials11<>B.GHGemissionanalysis128><#004699'>C.CaseStudy:On-roadelectricvehiclesinChina-GHGemissionreductionpotential14D.Primaryenergyfuelextractionandtransport17E.Transmissionanddistributionlosses,chargingefficiencyandbatteryefficiency18V.Con

5、clusionsandrecommendations:Enhancingthesustainabilityofelectricelectricvehicles22A.RegionalizethedevelopmentandpromotionofEVinChina23<>B.Optimizegridandrenewableenergiesfortransportationuses23<#004699'>C.Promotelow-carbonversionofelectrificationtechnologies,espec

6、iallyplug-inhybridelectrictechnologies24D.Expandfueleconomystandardstoincludeelectricvehicles24Annex126CaseStudy:BeijingCity–EVinatraffic-constrainedmegacity26Annex227CaseStudy:ShenzhenCity–policyandindustrialtrailblazerforEVinChina27CSD19/2011/BP9ElectricVehicle

7、sintheContextofSustainableDevelopmentinChinaRobertEarley,LipingKang,FengAnandLuciaGreen-WeiskelTheInnovationCenterforEnergyandTransportation(iCET)I.INTRODUCTION1.Chinaisfacinggrowingchallengesduetotheexpansionofenergydemand.Thecountrydependsonimportsforover55perc

8、entoftotaloilconsumption.1Since2009,China’scoalimportsaregreaterthancoalexports.Asaresult,theChinesegovernmentisfacedwiththeneedtodevelopalternativeenergysyste