欧洲文化复习提纲概要

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1、<---->Introduction1、Therearemanyelementsconstituting(组成)EuropeanCulture.2、Therearetwomajorelements:Greco-RomanelementandJudeo-Christianelement.3、Therichness(丰富性)ofEuropeanCulturewascreatedbyGreco-RomanelementandJudeo-Christianelement.第一章1、The5thcenturyclosedwithcivilwarbetweenAthensSp

2、arta.2、TheeconomyofAthensrestedon(依赖)animmense（无限的）amountofslavelabour.3、Olympusmount,Revivedin1896(当代奥运会)4、AncientGreece(古希腊)’sepicswascreatedbyHomer.5、TheyeventsofHomer’sowntime.(错)（TheyarenotabouteventsofHomer’sowntime,probablyintheperiod1200-1100B.C.）6、TheHomer’sepicsconsistedofIl

3、iadandOdyssey.7、Agamemnon,Hector,AchillesareinIliad.8、OdysseusandPenelopeareinOdyssey.9、Odyssey(对其作品产生影响)—→JamesJoyoe’sUlysses(描述一天的生活).Inthe20thcentury.10、DramainAncientGreecewasflouredinthe5thcenturyB.C.11、三大悲剧大师①Aeschylus《PrometheusBound》—→模仿式作品Shelly《PrometheusUnbound》②Sophocles(之

4、首)《OedipustheKing》—→Freud’s“theOedipuscomplex”(恋母情结)—→DavidHerbertLawrence’s《Sonsandlovers》(劳伦斯)447页③EuripidesA．《TrojanWomen》B．Heisthefirstwriterof“problemplays”(社会问题剧)在肖伯纳手中达到高潮，属于存在主义戏剧的人物C．ElizabethBrowningcalledhim“Euripideshuman”(一个纯粹的人)D．Realismcanbetracedback(追溯到)totheAncientGr

5、eece.Tobespecific(具体来说),Euripides.12、TheonlyrepresentativeofGreekcomedyisAristophanes.18页Aristophaneswritesaboutnature.—→浪漫主义湖畔派（Thelakers）华兹华兹Swiftsaysofhim“AsforcomicAristophanes,Thedogtoowittyandtooprofaneis.”(新古典主义代表作家《格列夫游记》《大人国小人国》《温和的提议》用讽刺的写作手法)13、History(Historicalwriting)史学创

6、作※“FatherofHistory”—→Herodotus—→war(betweenGreeksandPersians)49ThiswariscalledPeleponicionwars.博罗奔泥撒，3只是陈述史实，并没有得出理论。※“Thegreatesthistorianthateverlived.”(有史以来最伟大的历史学家)—→Thucydides—→war(Sparta,AthensandSyracuse)14、TheGreekhistoricalwritingwritesmainlyaboutwars.15、受希腊文化影响的传教士St.Paul.De

7、mocritus(Materialism)16、希腊文化中的哲学被基督教所吸收17、①Euclid’sElements解析几何ItwasinuseinEnglishschoolsuntiltheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.(历史地位)②ArchimedesHisworknotonlyingeometry几何学,butalsoinarithmetic算术,machanics机械,andhydrostatics.流体静力学选择：Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld.谁的理论（Archimedes）1

8、8、Arc