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1、张之洞的当代意义（ThemodernmeaningofZhangZhidong）ForthesourceoflawinthelateQingdynasty.Originally,ZhangZhidongisanadvocateoftheamendmentstothelaw.In1902,heandLiuKunyijointlysignedthe"tworiversgovernorJiangChuwillplayseventypercentoff"reform,demonstratesthenecessitywiththeinternatio
2、nalstandards,referringtothewesternlegalreformChinatraditionallaw.Thesameyear,heandYuanShikai,LiuKunhasthesamefamiliarwithShenJiabenandChinarecommendedlegalknowledgeofwesternlawasamendmentstothelawMinisterWuTingFang.In1904,WuTingfangofficiallyrevisedlawminister,markduringre
3、visionactivitiesinfullswing.Twoyearslater,ShenJiabenandWuTingfanginsuccessiontotheQingcourtsubmittedtheirlegalachievements:"criminalcivillaw"and"newcriminallawdraft".However,thesetwolawsarousedfierceoppositionfromtheZhangZhidong,LaoNaixuanetal.Theethicfactionandthelawfacti
4、onstrugglebegan.Accordingtotheviewsoftheschooloflaw,theamendmentstothelawisthedirectiontoEuropewithwesternpopularlegalline,toguidetheworkofChinarepairlaw.WuTingfang,ShenJiaben,Yang,isalegalrepresentative.WuTingfangbelievesthatJapanhasgonethroughthereformofthelegalsystemoft
5、heroad,isChinashouldgoaccordingtolegalreformpath.AlthoughShenJiabendidnothaveacompletesystemofwesterneducation,hasheldthelegalreformandWuTingfangsimilarviews.IntheeyesofShenJiaben,thewesternlegalChina,isirresistible.Therefore,therevisedlawmust"modelforthepurposeofpowers".Z
6、hangZhidongmeetswithU.S.guests.FortheamendmentofthelawsinWesternization"pointofview,ZhangZhidongwouldnotagree.InSeptember3,1907,hesubmitteda"Zunzhinuclearnewcriminalandcivilprocedurelaw"tobreaktheQingcourt,accusedthelawsuitlaw"newhastopass".Becauseitviolatesthefivevirtuesa
7、sthecoreoftheChineseethics.InZhangZhidong'sopinion,thenewlawconstitutesaseriousimpactonthetraditionalclasse,shakentherootbigChinacivilization,mustberejected.ThisisZhangZhidongastherepresentativeoftheConfucianattitudetothenewlaw.Infact,ZhangZhidonghasadmittedthatthetraditio
8、nalChinalawreallyshouldkeeppacewiththetimes,andabsorbedthelawsofWesterncountries.Butthene
