电大变化中的英语复习重点总结参考资料小抄

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1、电大变化中的英语复习重点总结参考资料小抄1.全世界语言→4000-5000种(P7)2.Deadlanguage→nolivingspeakers(P7)3.Historicalvariation→variationovertimeRegionalvariation→variationindifferentplaces(P15)4.RPStandardEnglishNetworkEnglish:StandardEnglish→WrittenEnglishRP→ReceivedPronunciation(AlsoSouthernEducatedBritishEngl

2、ish)NetworkEnglish→EducatedAmericanEnglish(P19)5.VocabularychangeinEnglish(P23-24)6.词汇来源：Borrowing(e.gdimsum),Abbreviations(e.gMTR),Translations(e.gdragonboat)(P28-29)7.英国语言→English,Welsh(Wales地区)Gaelic（Scotland地区）(P36)8.Dialects→DifferentwaysofspeakingthesamelanguageAccent→Wearetalki

3、ngonlyaboutthesoundsofthelanguageinsomeplaces(P39)9.Languagefamily:English→Indo-Europeanfamily(印欧语系)Chinese→Sino-Tibetanfamily(汉藏语系)P6410.英国历史上三次被入侵：1)BC1st–AD5th→Latin-speakingRomans来自Mediterranean2)AD5th-8thand9th→Scandinavian斯堪的纳维亚人(Angles盎格鲁人,Saxons撒克逊部族,Jutes朱特族人)invadedBritain来自

4、NorthWestEurope3)AD11th→French-speakingNormans来自Normandy(P69-70)11.StandardEnglish:A:Comefrom→SouthEastB:Reason→.Itsimportanceismatterofcultureandhistory(P75)12.英语发展过程中历史事件及英语语言本身的发展变化：TimeHistoricalEventsLanguage11thcenturyNormanconquestofEnglandNormanFrenchbroughttoEngland12th-13thc

5、enturiesNoranmFrenchrulersinEnglandMormanFrenchasthelanguageofpower:Latinforlearningandreligion;Englishforcommonpeople’suse14thcenturyChangesinEnglisheducationGeoffreyChaucer1340-1400EnglishgaininggroundamongeducatedpeoplewroteEnglish1475CaxtonsetupprintingpressinLondonLondonEnglishin

6、cresinglyreadandunderstood13.AgoodEnglishdictionarycontainsabout450,000separateentries.(P86)14.Receptive(听读)→Yourecognizeawordandknowwhatitmeans.Productive（说写）→Youcansayawordoryoucanwriteit.NOTE:每个人的Receptiveknowledgeofvocabulary要大于Productiveknowledge(P89-90)15.Prescriptiveteaching(说明

7、性教学)→correctstudents’mistakesProductiveteaching(输出性教学)→Practicestudents’Englishbyspeakingandwriting.6Descriptiveteaching(描述性教学)→TellstudentshowEnglishhaschangedandcometobeasitisnow.P100P10316.语言种类：P109-118RegionalNationalInternationalGlobalBasqueNorwegianSpanishEnglishDanish丹麦语Portugu

8、eseEn