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1、专业英语课后题答案A高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT1WhatarePolymer?第一单元什么是高聚物?Whatarepolymers?Foronething,theyarecomplexandgiantmoleculesandaredifferentfromlowmolecularweightcompoundslike,say,commonsalt.Tocontrastthedifference,themolecularweightofcommonsaltisonly58.5,whilethatofapolymercanbeashighasseveralhundredthousand
2、,evenmorethanthousandthousands.Thesebigmoleculesor‘macro-molecules’aremadeupofmuchsmallermolecules,canbeofoneormorechemicalcompounds.Toillustrate,imaginethatasetofringshasthesamesizeandismadeofthesamematerial.Whenthesethingsareinterlinked,thechainformedcanbeconsideredasrepresentingapolymerfrommo
3、leculesofthesamecompound.Alternatively,individualringscouldbeofdifferentsizesandmaterials,andinterlinkedtorepresentapolymerfrommoleculesofdifferentcompounds.什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。与低分子化合物不同的是,普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5,而高聚物的分子量高于105,甚至大于106。这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。小分子相互结合形成大分子,大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。举
4、例说明,想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制成的环。当这些环相互连接起来,可以把形成的链看成是具有同种分子量化合物组成的高聚物。另一方面,独特的环可以大小不同、材料不同,相连接后形成具有不同分子量化合物组成的聚合物。Thisinterlinkingofmanyunitshasgiventhepolymeritsname,polymeaning‘many’andmermeaning‘part’(inGreek).Asanexample,agaseouscompoundcalledbutadiene,withamolecularweightof54,combinesnearly4000time
5、sandgivesapolymerknownaspolybutadiene(asyntheticrubber)withabout200000molecularweight.Thelowmolecularweightcompoundsfromwhichthepolymersformareknownasmonomers.Thepictureissimplyasfollows:许多单元相连接给予了聚合物一个名称,poly意味着“多、聚、重复”,mer意味着“链节、基体”(希腊语中)。例如:称为丁二烯的气态化合物,分子量为54,化合将近4000次,得到分子量大约为200000被称作聚丁二烯(合
6、成橡胶)的高聚物。形成高聚物的低分子化合物称为单体。下面简单地描述一下形成过程:butadiene+butadiene+???+butadiene--→polybutadiene(4000time)丁二烯+丁二烯+…+丁二烯——→聚丁二烯(4000次)Onecanthusseehowasubstance(monomer)withassmallamoleculeweightas54growtobecomeagiantmolecule(polymer)of(54×4000≈)200000molecularweight.Itisessentiallythe‘giantness’ofthesi
7、zeofthepolymermoleculethatmakesitsbehaviordifferentfromthatofacommonlyknownchemicalcompoundsuchasbenzene.Solidbenzene,forinstance,meltstobecomeliquidbenzeneat5.5℃and,onfurtherheating,boilsintogaseousbenzene.Asagainstthiswell