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1、IntroductionofFrancisBacon（中英对照）ExcerptoftheChapterVIIofWrittenbyBERTRANDRUSSELL,Audiofile<307FrancisBacon>deliveredbyBiHui.摘自伯特兰·罗素所著《西方哲学史》第七章，音频文件<307FrancisBacon>已由必辉提供。FRANCISBACON(1561-1626),althoughhisphilosophyisinmanywaysunsatisfactory,haspermanentimportanceast
2、hefounderofmoderninductivemethodandthepioneerintheattemptatlogicalsystematizationofscienticprocedure.HewasasonofSirNicholasBacon,LordKeeperoftheGreatSeal,andhisauntwasthewifeofSirWilliamCecil,afterwardsLordBurghley;hethusgrewupintheatmosphereofstateaffairs.HeenteredParliamentattheageoftwenty-three,
3、andbecameadvisertoEssex.Nonetheless,whenEssexfellfromfavourhehelpedinhisprosecution.Forthishehasbeenseverelyblamed:LyttonStrachey,forexample,inhisElizabethandEssex,representsBaconasamonsteroftreacheryandingratitude.Thisisquiteunjust.HeworkedwithEssexwhileEssexwasloyal,butabandonedhimwhencontinuedlo
4、yaltytohimwouldhavebeentreasonable;inthistherewasnothingthateventhemostrigidmoralistoftheagecouldcondemn.InspiteofhisabandonmentofEssex,hewasnevercompletelyinfavourduringthelifetimeofQueenElizabeth.WithJames'saccession,however,hisprospectsimproved.In1617heacquiredhisfather'sofficeofKeeperoftheGreat
5、Seal,andin1618hebecameLordChancellor.Butafterhehadheldthisgreatpositionforonlytwoyears,hewasprosecutedforacceptingbribesfromlitigants.Headmittedthetruthofaccusation,pleadingonlythatpresentsneverinfluencedhisdecision.Astothat,anyonemayformhisownopinion,sincetherecanbenoevidenceastothedecisionsthatBa
6、conwouldhavecometoinothercircumstances.Hewascondemnedtoafineof£40,000,toimprisonmentintheTowerduringtheking'spleasure,toperpetualbanishmentfromcourtandinabilitytoholdoffice.Thissentencewasonlyverypartiallyexecuted.Hewasnotforcedtopaythefine,andhewaskeptintheTowerforonlyfourdays.Buthewascompelledtoa
7、bandonpubliclife,andtospendtheremainderofhisdaysinwritingimportantbooks.Theethicsofthelegalprofession,inthosedays,weresomewhatlax.Almosteveryjudgeacceptedpresents,usuallyfrombothsides.Nowadayswethinkitatroc
