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1、1TheoriginsoflanguageⅠThedivinesource:①GodcreatedAdamandwhatsoeverAdamcalledeverylivingcreatrue②FollowingaHindutradition,languagecamefromthegoddessSarasvati,wifeofBrahma,creatoroftheuniverse.Thebasichypothesis:ifinfantswereallowedtogrowupwithouthearinganylanguage,thenthey
2、wouldspontaneouslybeginusingtheoriginalGod-givenlanguage.Twoexperiments:AnEgyptianpharaohnamedPsammetichustriedtheexperimentwithtwonewborninfantsaround600BC.Aftertwoyearsinthecompanyofgoatsandamuteshepherd,thechildrenwerereportedtohavespontaneouslyuttered,notanEgyptianwor
3、d,butPhrygianwordbekos,meaning‘bread’.ThepharaohconcludedthatPhrygianmustbetheoriginallanguage.JamesIVofScotlandcarriedoutasimilarexperimentaroundAD1500andthechildrenwerereportedtohavestartedspeakingHebrew.Conclusion:actually,childrenlivingwithoutaccesstohumanspeechinthei
4、rearlyyearsgrowupwithnolanguageatall.ⅡThenatural–soundsource:ⅰThebow-wowtheory:primitivewordscouldhavebeenimitationofthenaturalsoundswhichearlymenandwomenheardaroundthem.e.g.whenaflyingobjcetmadeaCUCKOOsound,thatnaturalsoundwasadoptedtorefertosupportthistheory.113Thefactt
5、hatallmodernlanguageshavesomewordswithpronunciationswhichseemto‘echo’naturallyoccuringsoundscouldbeusedtosupportthistheory.e.g.somewords:splash,bang,boom,rattle,buzz,hiss,screechOnomatopoeic:echingnaturalsoundsⅱthepooh-poohtheory:theoriginalsoundsoflanguagecamefromnatural
6、criesofemotion,suchpain,angerandjoy.OUCH→painfulconnotationotherinterjections:Ah!,Hey!,Wow!,Yurk!ⅲthe“Yo-heave-ho”theory:thesoundsproducedbyhumanswhenexertingphysicaleffort,especiallywhenco-operatingwithotherhumans,maybetheoriginsofspeechsounds.ⅢTheoral-gesturesource:The“
7、oral-gesture”theory→aconnectionbetweenphysicalandoralgesture.Itisclaimedthatoriginallyasetofphysicalgestureswasdevelopedasameansofcommunication.Thepatternofmovementinarticulation(oftongue,lips)wouldbethesameasgesturalmovement(ofhands),hencewavingtonguewoulddevelopfromwavi
8、nghand.Movementofthetongue(oralgesture)↑‘goodbye’Wavingofthehandorarm(physicalgesture)ⅣGlossogen
