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1、外文原文与译文l外文原文NeuralNetworkIntroduction1.ObjectivesAsyoureadthesewordsyouareusingacomplexbiologicalneuralnetwork.Youhaveahighlyinterconnectedsetofsome1011neuronstofacilitateyourreading,breathing,motionandthinking.Eachofyourbiologicalneurons，arichassemblyofti
2、ssueandchemistry,hasthecomplexity,ifnotthespeed,ofamicroprocessor.Someofyourneuralstructurewaswithyouatbirth.Otherpartshavebeenestablishedbyexperience.Scientistshaveonlyjustbeguntounderstandhowbiologicalneuralnetworksoperate.Itisgenerallyunderstoodthatallb
3、iologicalneuralfunctions,includingmemory,arestoredintheneuronsandintheconnectionsbetweenthem.Learningisviewedastheestablishmentofnewconnectionsbetweenneuronsorthemodificationofexistingconnections.Thisleadstothefollowingquestion:Althoughwehaveonlyarudimenta
4、ryunderstandingofbiologicalneuralnetworks,isitpossibletoconstructasmallsetofsimpleartificial“neurons”andperhapstrainthemtoserveausefulfunction?Theansweris“yes.”Thisbook,then,isaboutartificialneuralnetworks.Theneuronsthatweconsiderherearenotbiological.Theya
5、reextremelysimpleabstractionsofbiologicalneurons,realizedaselementsinaprogramorperhapsascircuitsmadeofsilicon.Networksoftheseartificialneuronsdonothaveafractionofthepowerofthehumanbrain,buttheycanbetrainedtoperformusefulfunctions.Thisbookisaboutsuchneurons
6、,thenetworksthatcontainthemandtheirtraining.2.HistoryThehistoryofartificialneuralnetworksisfilledwithcolorful,creativeindividualsfrommanydifferentfields,manyofwhomstruggledfordecadestodevelopconceptsthatwenowtakeforgranted.Thishistoryhasbeendocumentedbyvar
7、iousauthors.OneparticularlyinterestingbookisNeurocomputing:FoundationsofResearchbyJohnAndersonandEdwardRosenfeld.Theyhavecollectedandeditedasetofsome43papersofspecialhistoricalinterest.Eachpaperisprecededbyanintroductionthatputsthepaperinhistoricalperspect
8、ive.Historiesofsomeofthemainneuralnetworkcontributorsareincludedatthebeginningofvariouschaptersthroughoutthistextandwillnotberepeatedhere.However,itseemsappropriatetogiveabriefoverview,asampleofthemajordevelo
