国经-课程章节要点

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1、2Chapter2Thebasictheoryusingdemandandsupply（1）TwonationalmarketsandtheopeningoftradeEffectsonproductionandconsumptiontoimportingcountry,ortoexportingcountry:Welfare!Consumersurplus&Producersurplus3.Chapter3WhyEverybodyTrades:ComparativeAdvantageAfterstudyingChapter3,yoush

2、ouldbeableto:lrelateopportunitycostandprice.lunderstandtradeandarbitrageprofits.（套利）lshowhowcountriescangainfromtradeonthebasisofabsoluteadvantage.lexplainthedevelopmentofthetheoryofcomparativeadvantageusingRicardo'slabortheoryofvalue.（1）Question1:Isitreasonableabouttheid

3、easofMercantilism?（重商主义：零和博弈；限制进口，鼓励出口；黄金）（2）Question2:New-mercantilistsnowadaysisverypopular.Theybelievethatexportsaregoodbecausetheycreatejobsinthecountry,whileimportsarebadbecausetheytakejobsfromthecountry.Doyouagree?（3）absoluteadvantage（4）Problems:AdamSmith’stheoryofa

4、bsoluteadvantage（5）Comparativeadvantage（6）BasisofComparativeadvantagefortrade:Relativedifferencesinlabor(resource)productivity.（7）Whatwilltheequilibriuminternationalpricebe?4.Chapter4Trade:FactorAvailabilityandFactorProportionsAreKeyHeckscher-Ohlintheory赫克歇尔—俄林理论认为，国际贸易的基

5、础是生产资源配置或要素储备比例上的差别Hechscher-OhlintheoryisbasedonlDifferencesacrosscountriesintheavailabilityoffactorresourceslDifferencesacrossproductsintheuseofthesefactorsinproducingtheproducts（2）WhatisthebasisfortradeinHeckscher-Ohlintheory?（3）Termsoftrade：贸易条件，是用来衡量在一定时期内一个国家出口相对于进口

6、的盈利能力和贸易利益的指标TT=出口价格指数/进口价格指数X100%（4）.WhatdeterminestheTradePattern？Whywouldproductpricedifferwithnotrade?lProductionconditionsdiffer(PPC)lDemandconditionsdiffer(CIC)lSomecombinationofthesetwodifferencesWhatcausestheproductiondifference?lTechnologiestoresourceproductiviti

7、es--comparativeadvantagelHechscher-Ohlintheory5.Chapter5WhoGainsandWhoLosesfromTrade?（1）HowdoweuseH-Otheorytoexplainthechangesinproductionaftertrade（2）Howwouldchangesinproductionaffectincomesinthelong-run?lLong-run?lFactorscanmovebetweensectorsinresponsetodifferencesinret

8、urns.（3）Stopler-Samuelsontheorem：（P小麦上升10%，P衣服不变，意味着r上升超过10%，w下降）斯托珀-萨缪尔森定理的论点：某一商品相对价格的上升，将导致该商