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1、女性乳腺癌患病因素探析【摘要】目的:探讨诱发妇女罹患乳腺癌的危险因素。方法:对256例诊断为乳腺癌,年龄在23~54岁之间的妇女,经五家参研医院及2家病例支援医院病理证实乳腺癌者,进行“乳腺癌的钼靶与病理诊断符合率及相关因素多中心研究”调查表的问卷调查。结果:乳腺钼靶X线机诊断乳腺癌或高度疑为恶变者,后经病理证实的256例妇女进行问卷调查,进行分析统计,列出十大项主要因素作为研究与乳腺癌发病可能有关的关系:(1)家族史;(2)婚姻与生育;(3)生殖因素;(4)哺乳;(5)月经紊乱;(6)甲亢;(7
2、)口服避孕药;(8)生活习惯;(9)长期穿戴胸衣紧缩;(10)压抑感情或冲动性格。结论:家庭成员中(母亲、姐妹)有患乳腺癌的妇女其发病率较一般高。未婚未育或已婚未育的妇女患乳腺癌的比例要高。女性月经初潮越早、闭经越晚,乳腺癌的危险性越高。发现乳腺癌中只有92例有哺乳经验,占36�12,认为哺乳可以降低卵巢功能;反之,升高会增加患乳癌的风险。月经紊乱,反映妇女内分泌失衡,也算风险之一。“甲亢”认为是激素水平异常,也是致乳腺癌的危险因素。口服避孕药与乳腺癌关系比较复杂,在256例乳腺癌患者中,有230
3、例服用过此药,占90%。不良的生活习惯,也是致乳腺癌的因素。长期穿戴紧缩胸衣,影响乳房血液、淋巴循环,至营养及“排毒”受阻,也是易患乳腺癌的因素。精神因素将直接影响健康与否,这是不容置疑的事实,乳腺癌也不能例外。【关键词】乳腺癌;易患因素;女性RiskfactorsforbreastcancersHeWenshan1,WenQiaoping2,WuZhaozhang1,TaoLin1,XieYan1,MaJie31ShenzhenServiceCenterofFamilyPlanning,Shen
4、zhen,Guangdong518000�2ShenzhenFamilyPlanningServiceStationofFutianDistrict,Shenzhen518000�3ShenzhenPeople’sHospital,Shenzhen,Guangdong518000【Abstract】Objectives:Tostudytheriskfactorsforbreastcancers.MaterialsandMethods:Twohundredandfiftysixcasesoffema
5、lepatientsbetween23~54yearsoldwerediagnosedwithbreastcancerinfiveresearchhospitalsandtwocase-supportedhospitals.Theywereadministeredwithquestionnairesurveysof“coincidencerateofbreastcancerdiagnosisbetweenmammographyandpathologyandmulti-centerstudyofre
6、latedfactors.Results:Diagnosedasbreastcancersbymammography12X-raymachineorwithhighlysuspectedmalignantchanges,256caseswerelaterpathologicallyconfirmedandsurveyedwithquestionnaires.Throughstatisticalanalysis,tenmajorfactorswerelistedasfactorsrelatedwit
7、hbreastcancers.(1)familyhistory;(2)marriageandfertility;(3)reproductivefactors;(4)breast-feeding;(5)menstrualdisorders;(6)hyperthyroidism;(7)oralcontraceptives;(8)lifehabits;(9)long-timewearingoftightclothesorbras;(10)suppressionofemotionorimpulsivepe
8、rsonality.Conclusion:Thewomenwhosefamilymembers(mother,sister)werediagnosedwithbreastcancerhadahigherriskofhavingbreastcancer.Theunmarriedormarriedwomenwhohaven’tbearchildrenmayhaveahigherchanceofsufferingfrombreastcancer.Thewomenwithearlierme
