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1、2012年BEC高级口语考试素材(1)商务英语考试网更新：2012-1-19编辑：梓淇 IdentifytheDifferences：FiveFundamentalPatternsofCulturalDifferences 了解不同：中西文化差异的五种基本模式 1.DifferentCommunicationStyles 不同的交流风格 Thewaypeoplecommunicatevarieswidelybetween,andevenwithin,cultures.Oneaspectofcommunicationstyl
2、eislanguageusage.Acrosscultures,somewordsandphrasesareusedindifferentways.Forexample,evenincountriesthatsharetheEnglishlanguage,themeaningof"yes"variesfrom"maybe,I'llconsiderit"to"definitelyso,"withmanyshadesinbetween. Anothermajoraspectofcommunicationstyleisthedegree
3、ofimportancegiventonon-verbalcommunication.Non-verbalcommunicationincludesnotonlyfacialexpressionsandgestures;italsoinvolvesseatingarrangements,personaldistance,andsenseoftime.Inaddition,differentnormsregardingtheappropriatedegreeofassertivenessincommunicatingcanaddtoc
4、ulturalmisunderstandings.Forinstance,somewhiteAmericanstypicallyconsiderraisedvoicestobeasignthatafighthasbegun,whilesomeAsian,African,JewishandItalianAmericansoftenfeelthatanincreaseinvolumeisasignofanexcitingconversationamongfriends.Thus,somewhiteAmericansmayreactwit
5、hgreateralarmtoalouddiscussionthanwouldmembersofsomeAmericanethnicornon-whiteracialgroups. 2.DifferentAttitudesTowardConflict 对待冲突的态度不同 Someculturesviewconflictasapositivething,whileothersviewitassomethingtobeavoided.IntheU.S.,conflictisnotusuallydesirable;butpeople
6、oftenareencouragedtodealdirectlywithconflictsthatdoarise.Infact,face-to-facemeetingscustomarilyarerecommendedasthewaytoworkthroughwhateverproblemsexist.Incontrast,inmanyEasterncountries,openconflictisexperiencedasembarrassingordemeaning;asarule,differencesarebestworked
7、outquietly.Awrittenexchangemightbethefavoredmeanstoaddresstheconflict. 3.DifferentApproachestoCompletingTasks 采用不同方法去完成任务 Fromculturetoculture,therearedifferentwaysthatpeoplemovetowardcompletingtasks.Somereasonsincludedifferentaccesstoresources,differentjudgmentsoft
8、herewardsassociatedwithtaskcompletion,differentnotionsoftime,andvariedideasabouthowrelationship-buildingandtask-orien
