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1、AboutcarengineOfallautomobilecomponents,anautomobileengieisthemostcomplicatedassemblywithdominanteffectsonthefunctionofanautombile.So,theengineisgenerallycalledthe"heat"ofanautomobile.在汽车的所有部件中,汽车发动机是最复杂的组件,其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。Thereareactuallyvarioustypesofen
2、ginessuchaselectricmotors,streamengines,andinternalcombustionengines.Theinternalcombustionenginesseemtohavealmostcompletedominanceoftheautomotivefield.Theinternalcombustionengine,asitsnameindicates,burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintor
3、otaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.事实上,按动力来源分发动机有很多种,如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样,内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧,通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。Engineisthepowersourceoftheautomobile.Powerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.However,thislinearmotionmustbechangedintoro
4、tarymotiontoturnthewheelsofcarsortrucks.Thepustonattachedtothetopofaconnectingrodbyapin,calledapistonpinorwristpin.Thebottomoftheconnectingrodisattachedtothecrankshaft.Theconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.Th
5、econnectingrodismountedonthecrankshaftwithlargebearingscalledrodbearing.Similarbearings,calledmainbearings,areusedtomountthecrankshaftintheblock.发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的(往复)直线运动。然而这种(往复)直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接,这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐,从而将往复直线运动转变成旋
6、转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承,称之为连杆轴承,类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体,称之为主轴承。Theyaregenerallytwodifferenttypesofcoolingsystem:water-coolingsystemandair-coolingsystem.Water-coolingsystemismorecommon.Thecoolingmedium,orcoolant,inthemiseitherwaterorsomelow-freezingliquid,calledantifreeze.Awater-coolin
7、gsystemconsistsoftheenginewaterjacket,thermostat,waterpump,radiator,radiatorcap,fan,fandrivebeltandneccessaryhoses.主要有两种类型的冷却系统:水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体,称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套,节温器,水泵,散热器,散热器罩,风扇,风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。Awater-coolingsystemmeansthatwaterisusedasacooling
8、agenttocirculatethroughtheenginetoabsorbtheheatandcarryittotheradiatorfordisposal.Theebgi