2、转染。 转染是转化的一种特殊形式。 转导 Transduction 是指通过病毒将一个宿主的DNA转移到另一个宿主的细胞中而引起的基因重组现象。如果供体DNA未与受体DNA发生重组则称此转导过程为流产转导. 1、Conjugation 中文翻译为“结合” Conjugation is the mechanism by which genetic material is transferred between two bacterial cells by plasmids. A cell containing a conjugative plasmi
3、d(F+,fertility+)forms a mating pair with a cell that does not contain a conjugative-plasmid(F-)by means of an F-pilus on the surface of the cell.The pilus contracts,pulling the two cells into contact, and the conjugative plasmids(typified by the F plasmid of E.coli ) is transferred
4、from the plasmid-containing cell, the donor, to the recipient(in some cases,pieces of chromosomal DNA is also transfered to the recipient). The tra genes, carried on the F plasmid, contain all the information for the conjugative process. 《Instant notes in Microbiology》 p125 说明:C
5、onjugation 发生在原核生物,这个定义里面的关键是“ The pilus contracts,pulling the two cells into contact”这种细胞间的直接接触。细菌在 conjugation 的时候,两个细胞直接接触处形成 conjugation tube,单链 DNA 可以直接通过这个通道转移,这个通道的形成需要有相应的基因表达(如 pilin 形成 sex pilus)。通常情况下 conjugation 转移的是带有 conjugation 必须基因的质粒,但是少数情况下这种质粒整合到细菌染色体,就可能发生染色体转移 (