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1、新闻学概论复习（ReviewofJournalism）1whatisthedefinitionofjournalism?Journalismisanindependentsocialsciencethatstudiesthenatureofnewsphenomenaandrevealsthelawsofnewsactivities.2.famouspoetsandpoliticalcommentators(JohnMilton)publishedapamphlet(onpressfreedom)in1644.Themainpointswere(thefre
2、emarketofideasandtheprocessofselfcorrection)3.(Lenin)praisedJohnMilton's"freedomofpress"sloganisagreatslogan.4earlyjournalismisalsocalled"newspaper".5(1845),publishedbyGermanscholar(Poole),markstherudimentofworldjournalism.6(systematicjournalismtheorywasfounded)indicatesthatworldj
3、ournalismhasreachedamaturestage7(1922)publishedbythefamousAmericancolumnist(Lippmann's"publicopinion"),(1924)publishedbythefamousAmericaneducator(Jost'sprinciplesofJournalism),markingthematurityofWorldJournalism8(1956)U.S.Newsexperts(Schrametal)published("pressfourtheory")intheboo
4、kworldindifferenthistoricalperiodsandthecorrespondingnewspresssystemthought,summedup(totalitariantheory,theoryofliberalism,socialismresponsibilitytheoryandSovietcommunismtheory)9(thefourtheoriesofnewspapersandperiodicals)marksthedevelopmentofjournalismtoanewpeak,whichhasenteredthe
5、stageofdevelopmentofmasscommunication10,ChinaJournalismgerminationstage:HongRengan,thelateleaderoftheTaipingHeavenlyKingdom,wasthefirstChinesepoliticiantosystematicallydiscussnewsissues,Hewrote("Zizhengxinpian")LiangQichao:from1901to1911,publishedmanynewsmonograph,describesmanypro
6、foundnewsacademicissues.Heproposedthefamousnewspapersupervision,thegovernmentandthenationalguide,thetwogreatvocation,saidthenewspaper"non-governmental""Subordinatetothegovernmentandequalstatus";heputforwardamorecomprehensiveviewofpublicopinion;healsoputforwardastandardtomeasurethe
7、qualityofnewspapers,andadvocatedaseriesofpublicitymethods.11,theformationofChinesejournalism:(1918,CaiYuanpei)tohisprincipal(PekingUniversity)openedthenewsprograms,(October14th)theestablishmentofPekingUniversity(InstituteofJournalism),(April20,1919)ofestablishedacademicjournals("N
8、ewsweek")markstheChinesejournalis
