俄罗斯核动力破冰船-亚马尔号资料

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1、TheYamal-aNuclearPoweredIcebreakerTheYamalisanuclearpoweredicebreakerplannedandstartedunderconstructioninSovietEraRussia.SheistheyoungestoffiveArktikaclassshipsbuiltfromthemid1970's.Herkeelwaslaidin1986inSt.Petersburg,bythetimeshewaslaunchedinOctober19

2、92communismhadcollapsedinRussia.LikemanyotherRussianicebreakers,theYamalisnowcharteredoutonotheroperations,particularlyfortouriststoearnmuchneedforeigncurrency.Theoriginalpurposeofbeingusedtokeepnorthernnavigationalroutesopenduringthewinter,isnowlessim

3、portant.Fortheirsize,theArktikaclassshipsareamongstthemostpowerfulandsophisticatedeverbuilt.Thename"Yamal"means"EndoftheEarth"itisalsoappliedtotheYamalPeninsulaforthesamereason.BuiltentirelyforserviceintheArcticseas,theYamalisunabletovoyagetotheAntarct

4、icbecauseofhercoolingsystem.Thisrequiresthatitbesuppliedwithcoldseawatertooperateproperly,iftheshipweretovoyagetoAntarcticaitwouldhavetocrosstheequatorandsailthroughthetropicswherethewaterismostdefinitelywarm.HencetheYamalandhersistershipsareconfinedto

5、theNorthernpolarregion.TheYamalisoneofthefewicebreakersthathavesailedtotheNorthPolehavingdonesoforamillennialcruisearrivingintimeforthe1stofJanuary2000withacomplimentofpayingpassengers.SpecificationsLength:150m(136matthewaterline),Breadth:30m(28matthew

6、aterline),Draft:11.08m,Height:keeltomasthead55m.·Displacement:23,455tonnes.·Powerissuppliedbytwopressurizedwaternuclearreactors,eachcontains245enricheduraniumfuelrods.Eachreactorweighs160tonnesandareinaclosedcompartmentunderreducedpressure-intheeventof

7、aleak,theleakwouldbeinandnotout.·Maximumfueluseis300gofheavyuraniumisotopesperdaywhenbreakingthickice.Reactorshold500kgeachwhenfullyfuelled,enoughforabout5years.·Thereactorsareshieldedbysteel,highdensityconcreteandwater.Thenuclearchainreactioncanbestop

8、pedin0.6sbyfullinsertionofthecontrolrods.·Radiationontheshipismonitoredby86sensorsthroughoutthevesselfromwithinthereactorcompartmenttoaccommodationareas.·Thereactorcoresareusedtoheatwaterupandproducepressurizedsteamat30kgcm2.Eachreactor