俄罗斯核动力破冰船-亚马尔号资料

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1、TheYamal-aNuclearPoweredIcebreakerTheYamalisanuclearpoweredicebreakerplannedandstartedunderconstructioninSovietEraRussia.SheistheyoungestoffiveArktikaclassshipsbuiltfromthemid1970's.Herkeelwaslaidin1986inSt.Petersburg,bythetimeshewaslaunchedinOctober1992communismhadcollapsedinRussia.Lik

2、emanyotherRussianicebreakers,theYamalisnowcharteredoutonotheroperations,particularlyfortouriststoearnmuchneedforeigncurrency.Theoriginalpurposeofbeingusedtokeepnorthernnavigationalroutesopenduringthewinter,isnowlessimportant.Fortheirsize,theArktikaclassshipsareamongstthemostpowerfulands

3、ophisticatedeverbuilt.Thename"Yamal"means"EndoftheEarth"itisalsoappliedtotheYamalPeninsulaforthesamereason.BuiltentirelyforserviceintheArcticseas,theYamalisunabletovoyagetotheAntarcticbecauseofhercoolingsystem.Thisrequiresthatitbesuppliedwithcoldseawatertooperateproperly,iftheshipwereto

4、voyagetoAntarcticaitwouldhavetocrosstheequatorandsailthroughthetropicswherethewaterismostdefinitelywarm.HencetheYamalandhersistershipsareconfinedtotheNorthernpolarregion.TheYamalisoneofthefewicebreakersthathavesailedtotheNorthPolehavingdonesoforamillennialcruisearrivingintimeforthe1stof

5、January2000withacomplimentofpayingpassengers.SpecificationsLength:150m(136matthewaterline),Breadth:30m(28matthewaterline),Draft:11.08m,Height:keeltomasthead55m.·Displacement:23,455tonnes.·Powerissuppliedbytwopressurizedwaternuclearreactors,eachcontains245enricheduraniumfuelrods.Eachreac

6、torweighs160tonnesandareinaclosedcompartmentunderreducedpressure-intheeventofaleak,theleakwouldbeinandnotout.·Maximumfueluseis300gofheavyuraniumisotopesperdaywhenbreakingthickice.Reactorshold500kgeachwhenfullyfuelled,enoughforabout5years.·Thereactorsareshieldedbysteel,highdensityconcret

7、eandwater.Thenuclearchainreactioncanbestoppedin0.6sbyfullinsertionofthecontrolrods.·Radiationontheshipismonitoredby86sensorsthroughoutthevesselfromwithinthereactorcompartmenttoaccommodationareas.·Thereactorcoresareusedtoheatwaterupandproducepressurizedsteamat30kgcm2.Eachreactor