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1、2011—2012第一学期实践教学WilliamShakespeareWilliamShakespeare(26April1564-23April1616)wasanEnglishpoetandplaywright.HewaswidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminentdramatist.Hissurvivingworks,includingsomecollaboration,consistofabout38plays,154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoe
2、ms,andseveralotherpoems.Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlivinglanguageandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.ShakespearewasbornandraisedinStratford-upon-Avon.Attheageof18,hemarriedAnneHathaway,withwhomhehadthreechildren:Susanna,andtwinsHamnetandJudith.Between1585and1592,heb
3、eganasuccessfulcareerinLondonasanactor,writer,andpartownerofaplayingcompanycalledtheLordChamberlain'sMen,laterknownastheKing'sMen.Shakespeareproducedmostofhisknownworkbetween1589and1613.Hisearlyplaysweremainlycomediesandhistories,genresheraisedtothepeakofsophisticationandartistrybytheendofthe16th
4、century.Hethenwrotemainlytragediesuntilabout1608,includingHamlet,KingLear,Othello,andMacbeth,consideredsomeofthefamousworks.Shakespearewasarespectedpoetandplaywrightinhisownday,buthisreputationdidnotrisetoitspresentheightsuntilthe19thcentury.Inthe20thcentury,hisworkwasrepeatedlyadoptedandrediscov
5、eredbynewmovementsinscholarshipandperformance.Hisplaysremainhighlypopulartodayandareconstantlystudied,performedandreinterpretedindiverseculturalandpoliticalcontextsthroughouttheworld.（Sonnet1和sonnet5地相关资料由张文瑞提供）Sonnet1Thattherebybeauty'srosemightneverdie,Butastheripershouldbytimedecease,Histender
6、heirmightbearhismemory;Butthou,contractedtothineownbrighteyes,Makingafaminewhereabundancelies,Thyselfthatartnowtheworld'sfreshornamentAndonlyheraldtothegaudyspringWithinthineownbudburiestthycontent,And,tenderchurl,mak'stwasteinniggarding.Toeattheworld'sdue,bythegraveandthee.（辜正坤《莎士比亚十四行诗》2008年1月第
7、一版）译文：我们总愿美地物种繁衍昌盛,好让美地玫瑰永远也不凋零.纵然时序难逆,物壮必老,自有年轻地子孙一脉相承.而你,却只与自己地明眸订婚,焚身为火,好烧出眼中地光明.你与自我为敌,作践可爱地自身,有如在丰饶之乡偏造成满地饥民.你是当今世界鲜美地装饰,你是锦绣春光里报春地先行.你用自己地花苞埋葬了自己地花精,如慷慨吝啬者用吝啬将血本赔尽.可怜这个世界吧,你这贪得无厌之人,不留遗嗣在世间,只落得萧条葬孤坟.（辜正坤译）评论一：这第一首
