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1、英文中主动与被动语态的使用辨析ActiveandPassiveVoice: Whenyouareactive,youdosomething.Whenyouarepassive,thingshappentoyou.Thisisthesameconceptastheactiveandpassivevoiceinsentences.Intheactivevoice,thesubjectperformstheactiondescribedbythemainverb.Inthepassivevoice,theactiondescribedbythemainverbisdonetothe
2、subject.Example1a,activevoice: "Theserviceteamcollectedtheparts." (subject: serviceteam;mainverb: collected)Example1b,passivevoice:"Thepartswerecollectedbytheserviceteam." (subject: parts;mainverb: collected)Inexample1a,thesubjectdidtheaction,sothesentenceisactive.Inexample1b,theactionwasdo
3、netothesubject,sothesentenceispassive.Todeterminewhetheryoursentenceisactiveorpassive,firstfindthesubjectandthemainverb.Thenask,"Isthesubjectdoingtheverb?"IftheanswerisYes,thenthesentenceisactive.IftheanswerisNo,thesentenceispassive.Ifwedescribethisconceptasaformula,wegetthis:S>V=activevoic
4、e(thesubjectdoestheaction) V>S=passivevoice(theactionisdonetothesubject)Grammatically,theactivevoicelookslikethis:Subject-Verb-Object(i.e., Whodidwhattowhom?).Ontheotherhand,thepassivevoiceusestheobjectasthesubjectoftheverb,resultinginSubject/Object-Verb(i.e., Towhomwasitdone?).Byusingtheob
5、jectasthegrammaticalsubject,apassivevoicesentencemakestheinformationconvolutedandcomplex,andthereaderwillbelesslikelytorespondtoit.Additionally,themeaningfulsubjectwillneverbethegrammaticalsubjectinthepassivevoice,whichmeansthereaderwon'tfocusonthepersonorthingdoingtheaction.Definitions:Mai
6、naction: Themainactiondescribedbythesentence,whatthesentenceisabout. Meaningfulsubject: Thepersonorthingdoingthemainaction. Grammaticalsubject: Thewordinthesubjectpositioninthesentence.Innearlyeverysentence,theactivevoiceresultsinmoredirectwriting.However,thepassivevoicehasapurpose,too.Next
7、,we'lllookatthereasonsforeachvoice.Reasonsforactivevoice: Themainreasonforusingtheactivevoiceisthatitdirectlyanswersthereaders'question,"Whodidwhattowhom?"Itprovidesthatinformationandinthatorder.Asaresult,thereadercanmoreeasilyunderstandandremembertheide
