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1、原文：ThisdesigntakeatMCS-51monolithicintegratedcircuitasthecorefullusehardwaresourcedesign'sonekindoffrequencymeter,thisfrequencymeterwillbemeasuredfirstthatsignalenlargementreshapingprocessing,turnssatisfiesTTL/whichthemonolithicintegratedcircuitI/OmouthacceptstheCMOScompatiblesi
2、gnalfrommonolithicintegratedcircuit'sT1inputportinputdirectsummationpulsenumber,themonolithicintegratedcircuitinteriortimerfixedtimeis1S,bynowaccumulatedthepulsenumbernamelyforismeasuredthesignalthefrequency.Finallypassesthroughmonolithicintegratedcircuitprocessingtodelivertothe
3、lcdliquidcrystaldisplaymonitordemonstration.CentralProcessingUnitDesignsTheCPUisthekeycomponentofadigitalcomputer.Itspurposeistodecodeinstructionreceivedfrommemoryandperformtransfers,arithmetic,logic,andcontroloperationswithdatastoredininternalregisters,memory,orI/Ointerfaceunit
4、s.Externally,theCPUprovidesoneormorebusesfortransferringinstructions,data,andcontrolinformationtoandfromcomponentsconnectedtoit.Inthegenericcomputeratthebeginningofchapter1,theCPUisapartoftheprocessorandisheavilyshaded.CPUs,however,mayalsoappearincomputers.Small,relativelysimple
5、computerscalledmicrocontrollersareusedincomputersandinotherdigitalsystemstoperformlimitedorspecializedtasks.Forexample,amicrocontrollerispresentinthekeyboardandinthemonitorinthegenericcomputer;thus,thesecomponentsarealsoshaded.Insuchmicrocontrollers,theCPUmaybequitedifferentfrom
6、thosediscussedinthischapter.Thewordlengthsmaybeshort(say,fouroreightbits),thenumberofregisterssmall,andtheinstructionsetslimited.Performance,relativelyspeaking,ispoor,butadequateforthetask.Mostimportant,thecostofthesemicrocontrollersisverylow,makingtheirusecosteffective.Inthefol
7、lowingpages,weconsidertwocomputerCPUs,oneforacomplexinstructionsetcomputer(CISC)andtheotherforareducedinstructionsetcomputer(RISC).Afteradetailedexaminationofthedesigns,wecomparetheperformanceofthetwoCPUsandpresentabriefoverviewofsomemethodsusedtoenhancethatperformance.Finally,w
8、erelatethedesignideasdiscussedtogeneraldigitals
