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1、GeneticallyModifiedFoods:ToxinsandReproductiveFailuresByJeffreyM.Smith–InstituteforResponsibleTechnologyRhetoricfromWashingtonsincetheearly1990sproclaimsthatgeneticallymodified(GM)foodsarenodifferentfromtheirnaturalcounterpartsthathaveexistedforcenturies.Butthisisapolitical,notascientificasse
2、rtion.NumerousscientistsattheFDAconsistentlydescribedthesenewlyintroducedgene-splicedfoodsascauseforconcern.Inadditiontotheirpotentialtoproducehard-to-detectallergiesandnutritionalproblems,thescientistssaidthat“Thepossibilityofunexpected,accidentalchangesingeneticallyengineeredplants”mightpro
3、duce“unexpectedhighconcentrationsofplanttoxicants.”[1]GMcrops,theysaid,mighthave“Increasedlevelsofknownnaturallyoccurringtoxins,...appearanceofnew,notpreviouslyidentified”toxins,andanincreasedtendencytogather“toxicsubstancesfromtheenvironment”suchas“pesticidesorheavymetals.”Theyrecommendedtes
4、tingeveryGMfood“beforeitentersthemarketplace.”[2]ButtheFDAwasunderordersfromthefirstBushWhiteHousetopromotethebiotechnologyindustry,andthepoliticalappointeeinchargeofagencypolicywasMonsanto’sformerattorney—latertheirvicepresident.TheFDApolicyignoredthescientists’warningsandallowedGMfoodcropso
5、ntothemarketwithoutanyrequiredsafetystudies.Fromthefewsafetyteststhathavebeenconducted,theresultsaredisturbing—labanimalsfedGMdietsshowdamagetovirtuallyeverysystemstudied.Reportsfromfarmersareevenlessencouraging—thousandsofsick,sterileanddeadanimalsaretracedtoGMfeed.[3]GMdietshowstoxicreactio
6、nsindigestivetractTheveryfirstcropsubmittedtotheFDA’svoluntaryconsultationprocess,theFlavrSavrtomato,showedevidenceoftoxins.Outof20femaleratsfedtheGMtomato,7developedstomachlesions.[4]ThedirectorofFDA’sOfficeofSpecialResearchSkillswrotethatthetomatoesdidnotdemonstratea“reasonablecertaintyofno
7、harm,”[5]whichistheirnormalstandardofsafety.TheAdditivesEvaluationBranchagreedthat“unresolvedquestionsstillremain.”[6]Thepoliticalappointees,however,didnotrequirethatthetomatobewithdrawn.[*]AccordingtoArpadPusztai,PhD,oneoftheworld’sleadingex
