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1、UrbanizationofAmericatheearlyUnitedStateswaspredominatelyrural.Accordingtothe1790census,95percentofthepopulationlivedinthecountryside.The5percentofAmericanslivinginurbanareas(placeswithmorethan2,500persons)livedmostlyinsmallvillages.OnlyPhiladelphia,NewYork,andBostonhadmorethan15,
2、000inhabitants.TheSouthwasalmostcompletelyrural.After1830theurbanareasofthecountrygrewmorerapidlythantheruralareas.By1890industrializationhadproducedsubstantialgrowthincities,and35percentofAmericanslivedinurbanareas,mostlyinthenorthernhalfoftheUnitedStates.TheSouthremainedrural,ex
3、ceptforNewOrleansandafewsmallercities.ThenumberofAmericanslivingincitiesdidnotsurpassthenumberinruralareasuntil1920.Bythe1990sthreeoutoffourAmericanslivedinanurbansetting,andsinceWorldWarIIthesouthernhalfofthecountryhasbecomeincreasinglyurbanized,particularlyinTexas,Arizona,andthe
4、statesalongtheeasternseaboard.GrowthofCitiesUntilthemiddleofthe19thcentury,thecenterofthecitywasthemostfashionableplacetolive.Merchants,lawyers,andmanufacturersbuiltsubstantialtownhousesonthemainthoroughfareswithinwalkingdistanceofthedocks,warehouses,offices,courts,andshopswhereth
5、eyworked.Poorerpeoplelivedinbackalleysandcourtyardsofthecentralcity.Markets,shops,taverns,andconcerthallsprovidedservicesandentertainment.Themiddleclasseslivedalittlefartherfromthecenter,andotherpoorpeoplelivedinthesuburbs,fartherfromtheeconomicandgovernmentalcentersandawayfromurb
6、anamenitiessuchastownwatches,waterpumps,andgarbagecollection.Citiesweredenselypopulated,aspeoplehadtolivewithinwalkingdistanceofworkandshops.Streetswerenarrow,justwideenoughtoaccommodatepedestriansandwagons.TheIndustrialRevolutionofthe19thand20thcenturiestransformedurbanlifeandgav
7、epeoplehigherexpectationsforimprovingtheirstandardofliving.Theincreasednumberofjobs,alongwithtechnologicalinnovationsintransportationandhousingconstruction,encouragedmigrationtocities.Developmentofrailroads,streetcars,andtrolleysinthe19thcenturyenabledcityboundariestoexpand.People
8、nolongerhadtolivewithinwalkingdis
