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1、ForeignLanguagesSchool,SJTU英语写作（二年级上）Week6WritingontheSentenceLevel(1)Basicsentencepatterns/structuresTherearetraditionallyfourbasicpatternsofEnglishsentences,namely,simplesentence,compoundsentence,complexsentence,andcompound-complexsentence.1.Whatisasimplesentence?lAsimplesentencehasasinglesubject-
2、verb-objectcombination.Itmayhavemorethanonesubject,morethanoneverb,ormorethanoneobject.Itisusedwhenyouwanttoexpressonesimpleidea.•Asubjectisanounorpronoun.Itcanbesomebodyorsomething.•Apredicateisaverb.Itusuallyindicatesanact.Iftheverbisintransitive,ithasnoobject(S+v)behindit.Iftheverbistransitive,it
3、mustbefollowedbyanobject（S+v+o).Iftheverbisalinkingverb,theremustbeapredicative(S+v+p).•Anobjectisalsoanoun,likesubject.Examples:ChildrenplayThegameendedearly.MycarstalledthreetimeslastweekThelakehasbeenpollutedbyseveralneighbouringstreams.[Note:theabovesubjectsareallnouns.Thepredicatestakedifferent
4、formssuchas‘presenttense’,‘pasttense’,‘perfecttense’ina‘passive’form’,andsoon.]LolaandTonydrovehome.Thewindandwaterdriedmyhair.Thechildrensmiledandwavedatus.Thelawnmowersmokedandsputteredout.Manny,MoeandJacklubricatedmycar,replacedtheoilfilter,andcleanedthesparkplugs.[Note:theabovesentencesshowthatt
5、heremaybemorethan1subject,morethan1predicate,ormorethan1objectinasentence.]PS.:Capitalizationandpunctuationsareimportant‘accessories’ofacompletesimplesentence.2.Whatisacompoundsentence?lAcompoundsentences,ora“double”sentence,ismadeupoftwo(ormore)simplesentences,whichareusuallyconnectedbyacommaand/or
6、plusajoiningword(=coordinateconjunction:and,but,or,for,nor,so,yet).Itisusedwhenyouwanttogiveequalweighttotwocloselyrelatedideas.Thetechniqueofshowingthatideashaveequalimportanceiscalledcoordination.Examples:Therainincreased,sotheofficialscanceledthegame.Marthawantedtogoshopping,butFredrefusedtodrive
7、her.Tomewaswatchingtelevisioninthefamilyroom,andMariewasupstairsonthephone.Ihadtogiveupwoodcarving,formyarthritishadbecomeverypainful.Task1:FromsimpletocompoundCombinethefollowingpairsofsimplesentence
