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1、本科毕业论文外文文献及译文文献、资料题目：GlobalPositioningSystem文献、资料来源：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2009.01.03院（部）：土木工程学院专业：土木工程班级：测绘052姓名：唐海国学号：2005011047指导教师：郭秋英翻译日期：2009.5.19-47-外文文献：GlobalPositioningSystemTheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)isaglobalnavi
2、gationsatellitesystem(GNSS)developedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefenseandmanagedbytheUnitedStatesAirForce50thSpaceWing.ItistheonlyfullyfunctionalGNSSintheworld,canbeusedfreely,andisoftenusedbyciviliansfornavigationpurposes.TheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)isasatellite-base
3、dnavigationsystemmadeupofanetworkof24satellitesplacedintoorbitbytheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.GPSwasoriginallyintendedformilitaryapplications,butinthe1980s,thegovernmentmadethesystemavailableforcivilianuse.GPSworksinanyweatherconditions,anywhereintheworld,24hoursaday.Thereare
4、nosubscriptionfeesorsetupchargestouseGPS.Itusesaconstellationofbetween24and32mediumEarthorbitsatellitesthattransmitpreciseradiowavesignals,whichallowGPSreceiverstodeterminetheircurrentlocation,thetime,andtheirvelocity.ItsofficialnameisNAVSTARGPS.AlthoughNAVSTARisnotanacron
5、ym,[1]afewbackronymshavebeencreatedforit.Sinceitbecamefullyoperationalin1993,GPShasbecomeawidelyusedaidtonavigationworldwide,andausefultoolformap-making,landsurveying,commerce,scientificuses,andhobbiessuchasgeocaching.Also,theprecisetimereferenceisusedinmanyapplicationsinc
6、ludingthescientificstudyofearthquakesandasarequiredtimesynchronizationmethodforcellularnetworkprotocolssuchastheIS-95standardforCDMA.GPSsatellitescircletheearthtwiceadayinaverypreciseorbitandtransmitsignalinformationtoearth.GPSreceiverstakethisinformationandusetriangulatio
7、ntocalculatetheuser'sexactlocation.Essentially,theGPSreceivercomparesthetimeasignalwastransmittedbyasatellitewiththetimeitwasreceived.ThetimedifferencetellstheGPSreceiverhowfarawaythesatelliteis.Now,withdistancemeasurementsfromafewmoresatellites,thereceivercandeterminetheu
8、ser'spositionanddisplayitontheunit'selectronicmap.AGPSreceivermustbelockedontothesignalof
