1、英语句子成分构成英语句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分一:英语句子中的主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词或相当于名词的结构来充当.名词单数形式常和冠词不分家 。例如: 1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) 2.
2、We often speak English in class.(代词) 3. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) 4. Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) 5. The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) 6.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) 7. It is necessary to master a foreign lang
3、uage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) 二.谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。 如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.
4、 三.表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: 1. Our teacher of English is an American.(名词) 2. Itismine.(代词) 3.The weather has turned cold.(形容词) 4. The speech is exciting.(分词) 5. Three times seven is twenty
5、 one?(数词) 6. His job is to teach English.(不定式) 7. His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) 8.The machine must be out of order.(介词短语) 9.Time is up. (副词)10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句) 四.宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词或相当于名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构
6、,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如: 1.They went to see afilmyesterday.(名词) 2.The heavy rain prevented me .(代词) 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词) 4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词) 5.He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语) 6.I enjoy listening to popular mus
7、ic.(动名词短语)4 7.I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句) 宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please..一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor. 五.宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式