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1、附录SOLARWATERHEATINGBACKGROUNDUsingthesun’senergytoheatwaterisnotanewidea.Morethanonehundredyearsago,blackpaintedwatertankswereusedassimplesolarwaterheatersinanumberofcountries.Solarwaterheating(SWH)technologyhasgreatlyimprovedduringthepastcentury.Todaytherearemorethan30millionm2ofsolarcoll
2、ectorsinstalledaroundtheglobe.Hundredsofthousandsofmodernsolarwaterheaters,suchastheoneshowninFigure1,areinuseincountriessuchasChina,India,Germany,Japan,AustraliaandGreece.Infact,insomecountriesthelawactuallyrequiresthatsolarwaterheatersbeinstalledwithanynewresidentialconstructionproject(I
3、sraelforexample).Figure1:EvacuatedTubeSolarCollectorinTibet,ChinaInadditiontotheenergycostsavingsonwaterheating,thereareseveralotherbenefitsderivedfromusingthesun’senergytoheatwater.Mostsolarwaterheaterscomewithanadditionalwatertank,whichfeedstheconventionalhotwatertank.Usersbenefitfromthe
4、largerhotwaterstoragecapacityandthereducedlikelihoodofrunningoutofhotwater.Somesolarwaterheatersdonotrequireelectricitytooperate.Forthesesystems,hotwatersupplyissecurefrompoweroutages,aslongasthereissufficientsunlighttooperatethesystem.Solarwaterheatingsystemscanalsobeusedtodirectlyheatswi
5、mmingpoolwater,withtheaddedbenefitofextendingtheswimmingseasonforoutdoorpoolapplications.uSolarWaterHeatingApplicationMarketsSolarwaterheatingmarketscanbeclassifiedbasedupontheend-useapplicationofthetechnology.Themostcommonsolarwaterheatingapplicationmarketsareservicehotwaterandswimmingpoo
6、ls.uServicehotwaterThereareanumberofservicehotwaterapplications.Themostcommonapplicationistheuseofdomestichotwatersystems(DHWS),generallysoldas“off-the-shelf”orstandardkitsasdepictedinFigure2.Figure2:SolarDomesticHotWaterSysteminAustraliauSwimmingpoolsThewatertemperatureinswimmingpoolscana
7、lsoberegulatedusingsolarwaterheatingsystems,extendingtheswimmingpoolseasonandsavingontheconventionalenergycosts.Thebasicprincipleofthesesystemsisthesameaswithsolarservicehotwatersystems,withthedifferencethatthepoolitselfactsasthethermalstorage.Foroutdoorpools,