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1、UnitThreeTEXTIMyFriend,AlbertEinsteinI.Pre-readingQuestions1.Pre-readingQuestionsThisisanopenquestion.9/6/20211II.LibraryWork1.WolfgangAmadeusMozart(1756–1791),Austriancomposer,oneoftheworld’sgreatmusicalgeniuses,wrotemasterpiecesineverybranchofmusic.Duringhisshortlife,Mozartc
2、omposedagreatvolumeofmusic.His789compositionsincludeoperas,symphonies,concertos（协奏曲）,quartets（四重奏）forthepianoandforstringedinstruments,andsonatas（奏鸣曲）forbothpianoandviolin.Hismusichasdelicatebeautyandisalwaysfreshandpleasingtotheear.9/6/20212II.LibraryWork2.LudwigvanBeethoven(
3、1770–1827),Germancomposer,wasoneofmusic’sgreatestgeniuses.Hisworkshavearareoriginality,emotionaldepth,andexpressivepower.Hewasknownforhisninesymphonies,pianoconcertosandsonatas,andstringquartets.MostofBeethoven’scompositionswerewrittenintheclassicalformsestablishedbyhispredece
4、ssorsMozartandHaydn,soheissometimesconsideredthelastgreatcomposerintheclassicaltradition.Buthealsoremoldedandexpandedtheoldformsandinfusedthemwithahighlypersonalintensityofemotion,soheisalsoreferredtoasthefirstoftheRomantics.9/6/20213II.LibraryWork3.theNobelPrize:AlfredBernhar
5、dNobel(1833–1896),adistinguishedSwedishchemistandindustrialist,providedfortheawardoftheNobelPrizes.Heexperimentedwithdifferentkindsofexplosivessuchanitroglycerin（硝化甘油）anddynamite（达纳炸药，氨爆炸药）,bothdeadlyexplosives.However,hewasapacifistandhefearedthathisinventionsmightfurtherwarf
6、are.Inhiswillheleftabout$9,000,000inafundtorewardthosewhodid9/6/20214mostfortheirfellowmeninscience,literature,andpeace.Inhiswill,hespecifiedthattheinterestaccruedbythefund“beannuallydistributedintheformofprizestothosewhoduringtheprecedingyear,shallhaveconferredthegreatestbene
7、fitonmankind”inthefieldofphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,andpeace,regardlessofnationality.9/6/20215II.LibraryWork4.theNazis:Nazismisapoliticaldoctrineofracialsupremacy,nationalism,anddictatorship.NaziisanabbreviatedformoftheGermanwordsforNationalSocialism.Itw
8、asAdolfHitler,amemberofNationalSocialistGermanWorkers’Party,w
